endocrine random anatomy

Question 1

what does the prevertebral (deep) fascia enclose

Answer 1

postural neck muscles and cervical vertebrae

Question 2

what is the name of the fascia that encloses all the other neck fascial compartments

Answer 2

investing fascia

Question 3

what 2 muscles does the investing fascia enclose

Answer 3

trapezius

sternocleidomastoid

Question 4

what nerve innervates the trapezius

Answer 4

CN XI (accessory)

Question 5

what nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 5

CN IX (accessory)

Question 6

where does the trapezius attach inferiorly

Answer 6

spine of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle

Question 7

where does the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid attach

Answer 7

manubrium of sternum

Question 8

where does the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid attach

Answer 8

medial end of the clavicle

Question 9

where do both heads of the sternocleidomastoid attach superiorly

Answer 9

the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Question 10

what is the name of the 2 bilateral fascias located anterolaterally in the neck either side of the thyroid

Answer 10

carotid sheaths

Question 11

what do the carotid sheaths enclose

Answer 11

vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes
common –> internal carotid arteries
internal jugular vein

Question 12

where do the carotid sheaths attach superiorly

Answer 12

base of the skull (around the jugular foramen and entrance to carotid canal)

Question 13

what do the carotid sheaths blend with inferiorly

Answer 13

mediastinal fascia

Question 14

what does the pretrachial fascia enclose

Answer 14

oesophagus
trachea
thyroid gland
strap muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 15

where do the external and anterior jugular veins run

Answer 15

within the superficial fascia

Question 16

where does the anterior jugular vein drain

Answer 16

external jugular vein

Question 17

where does the external jugular vein drain

Answer 17

subclavian vein

Question 18

where does CN X branch from

Answer 18

the medulla oblongata

Question 19

CN X exits the skull via

Answer 19

jugular foramen

Question 20

how does CN X descend the neck

Answer 20

in carotid sheaths

Question 21

where does the right CN X descend through the chest

Answer 21

lateral to trachea

Question 22

where does the left CN X descend through the chest

Answer 22

left side of aortic arch

Question 23

both CN X are anterior/posterior to the lung hilum

Answer 23

posterior

Question 24

with what do both CN X travel through the diaphragm

Answer 24

oesophagus

Question 25

both recurrent laryngeal nerves travel (anterior to posterior) (posterior to anterior)

Answer 25

posterior to anterior

Question 26

under what does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve turn

Answer 26

subclavian artery

Question 27

under what does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve turn

Answer 27

arch of the aorta

Question 28

the optic chiasm is formed from the right and left ______ the right and left optic tracts pass posteriorly from the chiasm after synpasing in the _____ the next axons in the chain pass via the optic radiation to the ____ _____ in the ____ lobe

Answer 28

the optic chiasm is formed from the right and left optic nerves (CN II) the right and left optic tracts pass posteriorly from the chiasm after synapsying in the thalamus the next axons in the chain pass via the optic radiation to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe

Question 29

what are the paranasal sinuses

Answer 29

air filled spaces within the bones surrounding the nasal cavities

Question 30

what are the 4 groups of sinuses

Answer 30

frontal maxillary (antra) ethmoid air cells sphenoid sinuses

Question 31

how many ethmoidal sinuses are there each side

Answer 31

3

Question 32

what lines the sinuses

Answer 32

mucous secreting respiratory epithelium

Question 33

what are 2 functions of the sinuses

Answer 33

reduce weight of skull | add resonance to voice

Question 34

what lines the entire cranial cavity

Answer 34

dura mater

Question 35

what is the tentorium cerebelli

Answer 35

tough sheet of dura mater tenting of the cerebellum within the posterior cranial fossa with a central gap to all the brain stem to pass through

Question 36

what is the diaphragm sellae

Answer 36

tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

Question 37

where do the dural venous sinuses drain blood from the cranial cavity

Answer 37

into the internal jugular veins at the jugular foraminae

Question 38

where are the jugular foraminae located

Answer 38

floor of the posterior cranial fossa

Question 39

what does the anterior intercavernous sinus connect

Answer 39

right and left cavernous sinuses anterior to the pituitary gland

Question 40

what is the pituitary gland surrounded by

Answer 40

cavernous and intercavernous sinuses

Question 41

what arteries pass through the cavernous sinuses

Answer 41

internal carotid arteries

Question 42

what is the common embryological origin of the right subclavian artery and the arch of the aorta

Answer 42

4th aortic arch artery