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year 2 > endocrine random anatomy > Flashcards

endocrine random anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what does the prevertebral (deep) fascia enclose

A

postural neck muscles and cervical vertebrae

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2
Q

what is the name of the fascia that encloses all the other neck fascial compartments

A

investing fascia

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3
Q

what 2 muscles does the investing fascia enclose

A

trapezius

sternocleidomastoid

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4
Q

what nerve innervates the trapezius

A

CN XI (accessory)

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5
Q

what nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid

A

CN IX (accessory)

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6
Q

where does the trapezius attach inferiorly

A

spine of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle

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7
Q

where does the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid attach

A

manubrium of sternum

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8
Q

where does the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid attach

A

medial end of the clavicle

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9
Q

where do both heads of the sternocleidomastoid attach superiorly

A

the mastoid process of the temporal bone

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10
Q

what is the name of the 2 bilateral fascias located anterolaterally in the neck either side of the thyroid

A

carotid sheaths

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11
Q

what do the carotid sheaths enclose

A

vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes
common –> internal carotid arteries
internal jugular vein

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12
Q

where do the carotid sheaths attach superiorly

A

base of the skull (around the jugular foramen and entrance to carotid canal)

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13
Q

what do the carotid sheaths blend with inferiorly

A

mediastinal fascia

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14
Q

what does the pretrachial fascia enclose

A 
oesophagus
trachea
thyroid gland
strap muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerves
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15
Q

where do the external and anterior jugular veins run

A

within the superficial fascia

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16
Q

where does the anterior jugular vein drain

A

external jugular vein

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17
Q

where does the external jugular vein drain

A

subclavian vein

18
Q

where does CN X branch from

A

the medulla oblongata

19
Q

CN X exits the skull via

A

jugular foramen

20
Q

how does CN X descend the neck

A

in carotid sheaths

21
Q

where does the right CN X descend through the chest

A

lateral to trachea

22
Q

where does the left CN X descend through the chest

A

left side of aortic arch

23
Q

both CN X are anterior/posterior to the lung hilum

A

posterior

24
Q

with what do both CN X travel through the diaphragm

A

oesophagus

25
Q

both recurrent laryngeal nerves travel (anterior to posterior) (posterior to anterior)

A

posterior to anterior

26
Q

under what does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve turn

A

subclavian artery

27
Q

under what does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve turn

A

arch of the aorta

28
Q

the optic chiasm is formed from the right and left ______
the right and left optic tracts pass posteriorly from the chiasm
after synpasing in the _____ the next axons in the chain pass via the optic radiation to the ____ _____ in the ____ lobe

A

the optic chiasm is formed from the right and left optic nerves (CN II)
the right and left optic tracts pass posteriorly from the chiasm
after synapsying in the thalamus the next axons in the chain pass via the optic radiation to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe

29
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses

A

air filled spaces within the bones surrounding the nasal cavities

30
Q

what are the 4 groups of sinuses

A

frontal
maxillary (antra)
ethmoid air cells
sphenoid sinuses

31
Q

how many ethmoidal sinuses are there each side

A

3

32
Q

what lines the sinuses

A

mucous secreting respiratory epithelium

33
Q

what are 2 functions of the sinuses

A

reduce weight of skull

add resonance to voice

34
Q

what lines the entire cranial cavity

A

dura mater

35
Q

what is the tentorium cerebelli

A

tough sheet of dura mater tenting of the cerebellum within the posterior cranial fossa with a central gap to all the brain stem to pass through

36
Q

what is the diaphragm sellae

A

tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

37
Q

where do the dural venous sinuses drain blood from the cranial cavity

A

into the internal jugular veins at the jugular foraminae

38
Q

where are the jugular foraminae located

A

floor of the posterior cranial fossa

39
Q

what does the anterior intercavernous sinus connect

A

right and left cavernous sinuses anterior to the pituitary gland

40
Q

what is the pituitary gland surrounded by

A

cavernous and intercavernous sinuses

41
Q

what arteries pass through the cavernous sinuses

A

internal carotid arteries

42
Q

what is the common embryological origin of the right subclavian artery and the arch of the aorta

A

4th aortic arch artery

year 2 (19 decks)

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