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year 2 > 2nd year buzzwords > Flashcards

2nd year buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

cherry red spot at the macula

A

CRAO

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2
Q

“tear drop” or “blood level in sinus”

A

blow out fracture

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3
Q

failure to adduct

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

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4
Q

what is the issue in internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

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5
Q

pain on eye movement

A

optic neuritis

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6
Q

what most commonly causes optic neuritis

A

MS

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7
Q

painful loss of vision over 1-2 weeks

A

optic neuritis

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8
Q

curtain coming down < 5 mins

A

amaurosis fugax

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9
Q

curtain coming down (partial) > 5 mins

A

retinal detachment

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10
Q

flashes and floaters

A

retinal detachment

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11
Q

photophobia

A

anterior uveitis

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12
Q

gritty feeling in eye

A

bacterial conjunctivitis or subtarsal foreign body

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13
Q

watery eye and pain and pre-auricular lymph nodes

A

viral conjunctivitis

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14
Q

silver/copper wiring

A

HTN eye disease

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15
Q

loss of red reflex / eye red on ophthalmoscopy

A

haemorrhage

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16
Q

new vessels and haemorrhage

A

wet ARMD

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17
Q

follicular conjunctivitis

A

chlamydia

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18
Q

pin point pupils

A

pontine issue

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19
Q

dilated pupils

A

trans-calcarine fracture

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20
Q

different sized pupil

A

damage to CN III (or sympathetic chain as in horners)

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21
Q

down out dilated pupil

A

CN III palsy

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22
Q

down and out not dilated

A

diabetes

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23
Q

roth spots

A

infective endocarditis

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24
Q

brushfield spots

A

downs syndrome

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25
Q

scrambled egg / egg yolk appearance of macula

A

Best disease

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26
Q

fluid level behind ear drun
retracted ear drum
dull colour

A

OME

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27
Q

difficulty at school and have to shout loudly to hear

A

hearing loss

OME?

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28
Q

feeling of fullness in the ear

A

menieres

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29
Q

loss of corneal reflex (+ SNHL, vertigo, tinnitus)

A

acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)

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30
Q

vestibular schwannoma/acoustic neuroma assoc with

A

NF II

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31
Q

vertigo on rotation of the head

A

BPPV

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32
Q

battle sign

A

mastoid process of temporal bone fracture

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33
Q

pearly white on otoscopy

A

cholesteatoma

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34
Q

foul cheesy discharge

A

cholesteatoma

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35
Q

saddle nose

A

wegeners granulomatosis (GPA)

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36
Q

Edwards

A

chromosome 18

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37
Q

Patau

A

chromosome 13

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38
Q

downs syndrome

A

chromosome 21

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39
Q

ADHD triad

A

hyperactive
inattentive
impulsive

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40
Q

tx ADHD

A

methylphenidate or atomoxetine

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41
Q

autism triad

A

social communication
social interaction
flexibility of thought/imagination

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42
Q

was is aspergers

A

form of autism where there is no problem with social communication

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43
Q

stuck on appearance

A

Basal cell papilloma (seborrhaeic keratoses)

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44
Q

picket fence pearly border

A

BCC

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45
Q

coeliac disease assoc with…

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

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46
Q

erythema nodosum

A

sarcoidosis
UC
TB

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47
Q

erythematous bullseye lesion (erythema migrans)

A

lyme disease

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48
Q

ash leaf macule

A

tuberous sclerosis

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49
Q

shagreen patches

A

tuberous sclerosis

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50
Q

honey crust

A

impetigo

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51
Q

causes of impetigo

A

staph aureus

group A strep

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52
Q

cafe au lait spots

A

neurofibromatosis 1 or 2

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53
Q

silver scales extensor surfaces

A

psoriasis

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54
Q

cauliflower appearance

A

warts

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55
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

HIV / immunosuppressed (transplant)

56
Q

intense erythema on cheeks and proximal limbs

A

slapped cheek syndrome/fifth disease/erythema infectiosum

57
Q

slapped cheek syndrome cause

A

parovirus B19

58
Q

small umbilicated translucent papules that look fluid filled but are solid

A

molluscum contagiosum

59
Q

flaccid blisters that can be burst easily to form erythematous erosions

A

pemphigus vulgaris

60
Q

large tense bullae that are itchy and cannot be burst

A

bullous pemphigoid

61
Q

helitrope rash and scaly knuckles

A

dermatomyositis

62
Q

fish scale skin

A

ichthyosis

63
Q

velvety thickened lesions in axillae

A

acanthosis nigricans

64
Q

target lesion

A

erythema multiforme

65
Q

catecholamines in urine
headaches
hypertension
palpitations

A

phaeochromocytoma

66
Q

tanned skin but not on holiday

A

addisions

67
Q

increased shoe size
spade hands
wedding ring too tight

A

acromegaly

68
Q

signs of hyperthyroid plus eye changes, gritty eyes, smooth velvety skin

A

graves

69
Q 
moon face
proximal weakness
purple abdo straie
buffalo hump
central obesity
A

cushings

70
Q

ketones on breath (sweat, pear drop scent)

A

DKA

71
Q

deep laboured breathing

A

kussmaul breathing

72
Q

kussmaul breathing seen in

A

metabolic acidosis esp DKA

73
Q

orphan annie nuclei

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma

74
Q

bone pain
stones
abdo pain
psychiatric problems

A

hypercalcaemia (hyperparathyroidism)

75
Q

psammoma bodies

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma

76
Q

butterfly rash/malar rash

A

SLE

77
Q

heat intolerance/palpitations

A

hyperthyroidism

78
Q

cold intolerance/weight gain

A

hypothyroidism

79
Q

anosmia and elevated GnRH deficiency

A

Kallmans

80
Q

Trosseau sign
Chovstek sign
QT prolongation

A

hypocalcaemia

81
Q

acute management of hypocalcaemia

A

IV calcium gluconate

10ml of 10% calcium gluconate over 10 mins in 50% dextrose or saline

82
Q

brachydactyly of 4th metacarpal

A

pseudohypoparathyroidism

83
Q

pencil in cup X ray appearance

sausage fingers

A

psoriatic arthritis

84
Q

wrist drop

A

radial nerve palsy

85
Q

swinging fever

A

abscess

86
Q

dinner fork or swan neck deformity in wrist

A

displaced colles fracture

87
Q

pain/tenderness in anatomical snuffbox

A

scaphoid fracture

88
Q

feels like walking on pebbles

A

advanced rheumatoid arthritis in the feet - subluxation of the MTPJs

89
Q

reiters syndrome

A

cant see cant pee cant bend the knee

  • uveitis
  • urethritis
  • arthritis
90
Q

foot drop

A

common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve)

91
Q

hanging rope sign

A

AVN

92
Q

AVN

A 
proximal scaphoid
intracapsular femoral
femoral condyles
humeral head
capitellum
proximal talus
93
Q

negatively birefringent needle shaped crystals

A

gout

urate crystals

94
Q

envelope shaped rhomboid mildly positively birefringent crystals

A

ca pyrophosphate crystals

pseudogout

95
Q

positive anterior drawer test

A

ACL tear rupture

96
Q

what is a positive anterior drawer test

A

tibia can be pulled forward easily on the femur when knee flexed

97
Q

pain in internal rotation and extension of the knee at 90 degrees

A

lateral meniscal tear

98
Q

painful arc

A

damaged supraspinatus tendon (rotator cuff)

frozen shoulder

99
Q

dry eyes mouth and skin
+ve schirmer’s test
often with RA
with infiltration

A

sjogren’s syndrome

100
Q

dry eyes mouth vagina
bronchitis
no RA
no infiltration

A

sicca syndrome

101
Q

locked knee

A

bucket handle meniscal tear

102
Q

bamboo spine on xray

sacroilitis and question mark posture

A

ankylosing spondylitis

103
Q

shortened leg and externally rotated

A

displaced fracture neck of femur

104
Q

shortened leg

internally rotated

A

dislocated femoral head

105
Q

onion peel sign

A

ewings sarcoma

106
Q

sunray spiculation

A

oesteosarcoma

107
Q

popcorn calcification on xray

A

chondrosarcoma

108
Q

soap bubble appearance on xray

A

giant cell tumour

109
Q

scalp tenderness and jaw claudication

A

temporal arteritis

110
Q

gowers sign positive

A

DMD

111
Q

swollen woody calves

A

DMD or Becker MD

112
Q

Hatchet-like face

A

myotonic dystrophy

113
Q

cannon ball mets on CXR

A

renal mets

114
Q

loin to groin pain

A

renal colic

115
Q

sea anemone on cystoscopy

A

transitional cell carcinoma

116
Q

UTI and travel to india

A

carbapenase-producing klebsiella - resistant to all antibiotics

117
Q

UTI with foul smelling urine and renal calculi

A

proteus sp.

118
Q

beading of the renal artery

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

119
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

proves haemturia is glomerular

120
Q

muddy brown casts of epithelial cells

A

acute tubular necrosis

121
Q

potato appearance

A

testicular seminoma

122
Q

blue dot sign

A

torsion of testicular appendix (cremasteric reflex still present

123
Q

TB drugs

A

2 RIPE 4 RI
2 months rifampicin isoniaside pyrazinamide ethambutol
4 months rifampicin isoniazide

124
Q

DRS ABCDE

A 
danger
response
shout for help
airways
breathing
circulation
disability
exposure
125
Q

melanoma ABCDE

A 
asymmetry
border
colour
diameter
evolution/elevation
126
Q

BUFALO sepsis 6

A 
bloods/all other relevant cultures
urine
fluids
antibiotics
lactate
oxygen
127
Q

GET SMASHED pancreatitis

A 
gall stones
ethanol
trauma
steroids
mumps
autoimmune
scorpion stings
hyperlipidaemia/hypercalcaemia
ERCP
drugs
128
Q

bones of the hand starting from thumb in anatomical position top line
then back to thumb top line

A 
Some -scaphoid
Lovers - lunate
Try - triquetrum
Positions - pisiform
top line:
That - trapezium
They - trapeziod
Cannot - capitate
Handle - hamate
129
Q

Microcytic anaemia

A

Fe deficiency

130
Q

Megaloblastic anaemia

A

Cant Be Fucked
Cytotoxic drugs e.g. methotrexate
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

131
Q

Schilling test

A

B12 deficiency

132
Q

bence jones protein

A

multiple myeloma

133
Q

congo red staining

A

amyloid deposition of biopsied tissue in myeloma and Al amyloidosis

134
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV (mononucleosis)

135
Q

fractured neck of humerus

A

axillary nerve damage

136
Q

badge patch numbness

A

axillary nerve palsy

137
Q

malar rash

A

SLE

mitral stenosis

year 2 (19 decks)

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