1st year buzzwords Flashcards
1
Q
Ig found in mucosa
A
IgA
2
Q
what produces endotoxin
A
gram negative
3
Q
what produces exotoxin
A
gram positive
4
Q
Ig found in breast milk
A
IgA
5
Q
Ig assoc. hypersensitivity
A
IgE
6
Q
what receptors does IgE bind to
A
Fc receptors
7
Q
most common time of Ig
A
IgG
8
Q
first antibody to appear in response to an antigen
A
IgM
9
Q
trachea palpated
A
suprasternal notch/jugular notch
10
Q
nerve that supplies the rectum
A
S4/inferior rectal nerve (S2 3 4 pudendal)
11
Q
nerve that supplies the diaphragm
A
C3 4 5/phrenic nerve
12
Q
what is the inheritance of CF
A
AR
13
Q
bone has no other articulations
A
hyoid
14
Q
2,3-DPG does what
A
acid that helps bind O2. reduced amounts of it results in more dissociation
15
Q
cranial nerves sensory motor or both
A
Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More
16
Q
jugular foramina
A
Carlos Only Smokes Spliff Since Rastaman Offered Skunk In Indigenous Jamaica Jamaican Joint Heaven
17
Q
parasympathetic cranial nerves
A
III
VII
IX
X
18
Q
sympathetic outflow
A
T1 - L2
19
Q
stony dull to percuss
A
pleural effusion
20
Q
right sided pleuritic chest pain
A
most likely pneumonia
21
Q
alveolar bats wings kerley B lines cardiomegaly dilated prominent upper lobe vessels pleural effusion
A
pulmonary oedema
22
Q
ground glass appearance on Xray
A
pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
23
Q
Ziehl neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli
A
TB
24
Q
caseous necrosis
A
TB
25
apical disease
most likely secondary TB
26
apical lesion in TB is called an
Assman focus
27
Miliary TB
spread of organism into blood stream
28
if TB spreads via pulmonary artery miliary disemination into the...
lung occurs
29
if TB spreads via pulmonary vein....
systemic dissemination to liver spleen and kidneys
30
positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpastures syndrome
31
chest infection with parrot/pigeon as a pet
chlamydophila psittaci
32
dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad/water spread
legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)
33
tall thin young man who indulges in marijuana
pneumothorax (marfans)
34
```
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
erythema nodosum
granulomas
fatigue
uveitis
weight loss
```
sarcoidosis
35
bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole on CT (signet ring sign)
bronchiectasis
36
D sign on x ray
empyema
37
steeple sign on X ray
laryngotracheobronchitis/croup
38
child with a barking cough
croup
39
pneumocystis pneumonia
HIV
| tx: co-trimoxazole
40
Samter's triad
Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity
41
Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)
klebsiella pneumonia
42
red jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumonia
43
mucoid sputum
chlamydia psitttaci
44
rusty sputum
pneumococcal pneumonia
45
cannon ball mets
weight loss
haematuria
from primary renal cell carcinoma
46
morning headache
hypercapnia or side effect or organic nitrate
47
ACTH secreting lung tumour
small cell carcinoma of the lung
48
PTH secreting tumour of the lung
squamous cell carcinoma
49
increased serum ACE and Ca2+
Sarcoid
50
eggshell calcification at hilar region
silicosis
51
heart failure cells seen in alveolar spaces
macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema and associated severe left ventricular heart failure.
also seen in long standing pulmonary hypertension
52
ghon focus
TB
| area of infection and caseous necrosis at periphery of lung beneath the pleura
53
ghon focus rupture
tuberculous pleurisy
54
coin lesion on chest radiograph
rounded solitary lesion - primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess
55
ptosis
enopthalmos
miosis
anhydrosis
horners syndrome
| - invasion of cervical sympathetic chain
56
horners syndrome
pancoast tumour
57
acute management of asthma
```
OSHITMAN
Oxygen
Salbutamol
Hydrocortisone
Ipratropium
Theophylline
Magnesium
Anaesthetist
```
58
thumbprint sign on head xray
epiglottitis
59
inspiratory whoop / barking cough
pertusis
60
snow storm appearance on xray
baritosis/silicosis
61
infective exac of COPD
```
iSOAP
ipratropium
salbutamol
oxygen
amoxicillin
prednisolone
```
62
non smoker and lung cancer
peripheral adenocarcinoma
63
squamous and small cell lung cancers
central
64
high d dimer
suspect PE
65
suspect PE
CTPA or V/Q scan
66
low d dimers
exclude PE
67
large PE
thrombolysis
68
small PE
LMWH
69
respiratory alkalosis
panic attack
70
frank pus on aspiration
empyema
71
obstructive lung disease and raised eosinophils
asthma
72
obstructive lung disease and raised neutrophils
COPD
73
Pickwickian disease a.k.a. obesity hypoventilation syndrome
obese people whose body fat is preventing air getting in - sleep apnoea and hypercapnia - OVERNIGHT NASAL VENTILATION
74
guillian barre disease causes
paralysis
75
guillian barre is normally preceded by
normally preceded by strep infection of resp or GI tract
76
gullian barre paralysis begins where and moves where
begins in feeet and ascends to other muscles
77
what causes guillian barre
antibodies bind to peripheral nerve glycoprotein
78
coal workers pneumoconiosis - 2 types
simple coal workers pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis - later form
79
coal workers pneumoconiosis problems found
apex of the lung
80
adult respiratory distress syndrome
occurs when non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema leads to acute resp failure
81
adult respiratory distress syndrome CXR
bilateral alveolar shadowing
82
pulmonary oedema CXR
bats wings - perihilar shadowing
upper lobe venous diversion
fluid in horizontal fissure
Kerley B lines
83
TLCO
how well oxygen can diffuse into blood
84
asthma and COPD do what to TLCO
preserved
85
TLCO in anaemia, emphysema, interstitial lung disease, pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, pulmonary emboli, bronchiectasis do what to TLCO
decreased
86
polycythaemia does what to TLCO
increased
87
asbestosis
problem in base of lung
88
22 yo woman weight loss sputum night sweats tender well defined nodules on shins bilaterally
erythema nodosum
89
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
granulomatous inflammation of the lungs
90
extrinsic allergic alveolitis acute causes
pneumonitis
91
extrinsic allergic alveolitis chronic causes
fibrosis and emphysema
92
extrinsic allergic alveolitis tx
steroids and antigen avoidance
93
extrinsic allergic alveolitis CXR
bilateral reticulonodular shadows
94
extrinsic allergic alveolitis "farmers lung"
major antigen is saccharopolyspora rectivirgula
| lymphocytes
95
extrinsic allergic alveolitis "bird fanciers lung"
avian proteins - pigeons, parrots
96
exudate
protein > 30
97
transudate
protein < 30
98
most common lung type in smokers
squamous cell
99
squamous cell carcinoma of lung secretes
PTH causing hypercalcaemia
100
smoker
cavitating
hilar tumours
squamous cell carcinoma of lung
101
large cell tumour of lung
poorly differentiated
| sex hormone releasing - gynaecomastia
102
lung cancer in non smokers
adenocarcinoma
103
adenocarcinoma mucus stains
blue
104
adenocarcinoma of lung causes
hypertrophic pulmonary oesteoarthropathy - finger clubbing, periosteal inflammation (like ankle pain)
105
worst prognosis of lung cancers
small cell
106
lung cancer that is chemo sensitive
small cell
107
small cell lung cancer secretes
ADH causing SIADH
| or ACTH causing cushings
108
pancoast tumour
apex of lung
109
brachial plexus lesions cause
finger tingling
| arm pain
110
asthma is an
obstructive airway disease
111
COPD is an
obstructive airway disease
112
spirometry in asthma
FVC normal
FEV1 reduced
FEV1/FVC ratio reduced
113
COPD spirometry
FVC reduced
FEV1 reduced
FEV1/FVC normal
114
restrictive airway disease spirometry
FVC reduced
FEV1 reduced
FEV1/FVC ratio normal
115
normal
| reduced
> 75%
| < 75%
116
respiratory failure type 1
low oxygen levels
117
respiratory failure type 2
low oxygen levels and high carbon dioxide levels e.g. COPD
118
TB drugs
2 RIPE 4 RI
119
```
middle ages asian
weight loss
night sweats
productive cough
CXR multiple small discrete nodules throughout both lung fields
```
TB
120
TB drug that causes red orange discolouration of urine and tears
rashes
hepatotoxicity
rifampicin
121
TB drug that causes tingling / paraesthesia of the extremities
isoniazide
122
TB drug that causes joint pain, rash, allergic reaction, yellow skin or eyes, worsening gout
Pyrazinamide
123
TB drug that causes change in vision, optic neuritis, red green colour blindness
ethambutol
124
TB is what HSR
type 4
125
TB is a __ cell response to _____
T cell response to mycobacterial infection
m. tuberculosis
m. bovis
M. africanum
126
primary TB
small focus - Ghon focus, large hilar granulomatous nodes
127
secondary TB
fibrosing cavitating apical lesion - immunosuppression
128
head ache
| mucoid sputum
chlamydophilia psittaci (birds)
129
coxiella burnetti
sheep/farm/Q fever
130
urine antigen test
GI upset
water foreign holiday
legionella
131
dry cough/young people pneumonia
mycoplasma
132
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
HIV AIDS immunosuppressed
133
rusty sputum
strep pneumonia - usually lobar pneumonia
134
CF patients pneumonia
staph aureus
| pseudomonas aeruginosa
135
COPD/alcoholics/elderly
H. influenza
| Klebsiella (red jelly sputum)
136
bordetella pertusis
whooping cough/bronchopneumonia
137
pseudomonas aeruginosa
CF, UTI, GI, Burns, Scars - gram negative bacillus
138
causes of pulmonary fibrosis
BREAST CA
bleomycin, radiation, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, ank spond, sarcoidosis, TB, crytogenic fibrosing alveolitis (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) asbestosis
139
causes or erythema nodosum
```
NODOSUM backwards
Mycobacterium (TB)
UC/Crohns
Sarcoidosis
Other infections (strep, mycoplasma, EBV)
Drugs (sulphonamides, OCP)
Occult malignancy
No cause/Nurturing (pregnant)
```
140
fever and pleuritic chest pain relieved on sitting up and leaning forward
pericarditis
141
irregularly irregular pulse
AF
142
ECG saw tooth baseline + 150 bpm
atrial flutter
143
raised JVP/hepatojugular reflex
right sided heart failure
144
sense of impending doom
MI
145
saddle shaped ST elevation
pericarditis
146
broad complex tachycardia
ventricular problem
147
mid-diastolic murmur with a tapping undisplaced apex
mitral stenosis
148
broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)
wolff-parkinson white syndrome
149
tall tented T waves
| wide QRS
hyperkalaemia
150
pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI
dresslers syndrome
151
blurred yellow vision headache
digoxin toxicity
152
janeway lesions/osler nodes
subacute bacterial endocarditis
153
continuous machine like murmur
patent ductus arteriosus
154
rib notching on CXR
coarctation of aorta
155
crescendo decrescendo murmur
aortic stenosis
156
diminished absent lower limb pulses
coarctation of aorta
157
MRS ASS
mitral regurgitation systolic
| aortic stenosis systolic
158
ACEI side effect and CI
dry cough
| bilateral renal artery stenosis
159
radial radial delay
aortic dissection
| coarctation of aorta
160
collapsing pulse
aortic regurgitation
161
slow rising pulse
aortic stenosis
162
spinter haemorrhages
infective endocarditis
163
endocarditis cause with prosthetic valves or IV drug users
staph aureus
164
present in mouth after dental surgery
strep viridans
165
what is an atrial myxoma
non cancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of heart - most often grows on wall that separates 2 sides of heart
166
cardiac tamponade
collection of blood / fluid / pus etc around the heart in the pericardial space preventing contractions
167
treatment of pericarditis
pain relief - NSAIDs
168
tetralogy of fallot
large ventricular septal defect
overriding aorta
right ventricular outflow obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
right ventricular hypertrophy
169
wide pulse pressure
```
aortic regurgitation
aortic dissection
complete heart block
thyrotoxicosis
persistent doctor arterioles
```
170
acute limb ischaemia 6 Ps
```
pale
pulseless
painful
paralysed
paraesthetic
perishingly cold
```
171
tx of shock
```
ABCDE
oxygen
fluids
inotropes - cardiogenic
chest drain - obstructive
vasopressors - septic
adrenaline - anaphylaxis
```
172
gingival hypertrophy/gingivectomy/biting own gums
side effect of calcium channel blockers or phenytoin
173
bird beak appearance and distended oesophagus
achalasia
| or if in lower GI imaging - bowel obstruction
174
grey turners sign
| cullens sign
grey turners - lumbar redness
cullens sign - umbilical redness
acute pancreatitis
175
murphy sign positive
cholecystitis
176
pale stools
jaundice
abdo pain
biliary obstruction
177
abdo distension
caput medusae
shifting dullness
portal hypertension + ascites
178
pyoderma gangrenosum/erythema nodosum
crohn's/UC
179
tinkling bowel sounds
bowel obstruction
180
vesicular rash + weight loss
coeliac disease
181
virchows node
left supraclavicular node
| gastric cancer
182
urea breath test
h. pylori
183
14C breath test
bacterial overgrowth
184
rice water like stools
vibrio cholera
185
primary biliary cirrhosis
AMA (anti-mitochondrial antibodies)
186
autoimmune hepatitis
ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)
187
alpha feto protein assay
hepatocellular carcinoma or teratoma
188
cobble stone mucosa
deep fisuring ulceration of mucosa - crohns disease
189
tx for ascites
spironolactone
190
corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow
diffuse oesophageal spasm
191
severe abdo pain and D+V after raw milk
campylobacter
192
russels sign
self induced vomiting
193
mallory's hyaline bodies
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) / chronic active hepatits
194
crypt abscess/crypitits
crohns
195
onion skinning fibrosis
| beading of bile ducts
primary sclerosing cholangitis
196
signet ring cells seen on biopsy
linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer
197
thumb printing on Xray commonly at splenic flexure
ischaemic colitis
198
charcots triad
acute cholangitis - fever, jaundice and abdopain secondary to cholelithiasis
199
mouth disease in crohns
stomatitis gangrenosum
200
replacement of oesophageal stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells
barretts oesophagus/pre cancer
201
dukes classification
A - confined to bowel wall
B - local spread outwith bowel wall
C - lymph node mets
202
AST is raised in
alcoholic liver disease
| wASTed
203
is ALT or AST more specific to the liver
ALT
204
causes of abdo distension 6 Fs
```
fat
foetus
flatus
faeces
fluid
fucking massive tumour
```
