Endocrine, Neurological & Opthalmic Patient Flashcards
What is conducted in the initial consultation of patients with diabetes?
-must determine the treatment regime
(consider cost, quality of life, owner compliance)
-create routine for food, insulin timing, exercise and monitoring
-teach injection technique to owners
-discuss insulin storage, sharp disposal, signs of instability, signs first aid is required
-contact details
-information sheets
What is the process of administering insulin?
-allow owner to practice under supervision
(demonstrate with water and model)
-ensure eating prior to administration
-check expiry and broach date
-invert dial (dont shake)
-draw up correct dose
-vary injection site
-dispose of sharps safely
What diet should dogs with diabetes be fed?
-high protein
-normal fat levels and complex carbohydrate
-no simple sugars
-high fibre helps control obesity
-keep diet consistent
-2 meals a day with no titbits
What diet should cats with diabetes be fed?
-high protein
-low carbohydrate
What exercise should be provided for patients with diabetes?
-maintain similar amount and time
What are the 4 ways of monitoring diabetes?
-clinical signs
-blood tests
-urine tests
-recording with sheet or diary
What blood tests are carried out for patients with diabetes?
-glucometer
-cephalic sample or ear/footpad prick
-blood glucose curve
-intermittent or continuous glucose monitoring
What can cause patients with diabetes to become unstable?
-insulin out of date
-insulin damaged
-glucometer not working
-owner dosing incorrectly
-feeding extra food
What interventions can be carried out for patients with diabetes ketoacidosis?
-maintain patient airway
-IV fluids
-rapid acting insulin
What nursing interventions can be carried out for patients with Cushings (hyperadreno)?
-rescue stress levels
-fat restricted diet
-ensure nutrition intake is maintained
(monitor BW, BCS, MCS)
-monitor vitals
-monitor skin integrity and infections
What nursing interventions can be carried out for patients with addisons (hypoadreno)?
-may require emergency IVFT
-monitor BP and ECG
-stabilise
-reduce stress levels
-monitor vitals and wbc counts
What nursing interventions can be carried out for patients with hypothyroidism?
-client education
-monitor vitals
-monitor T4 levels
What nursing interventions can be carried out for patients with hyperthyroidism?
-dietary control
-may recieve radioactive iodine
-advice owners on administering treatment
-monitor effects
-monitor vitals and T4 levels
How is radioactive iodine administered?
-trained personal only
-administered via IV or sub-cut
-must be hospitalised post administration
-excreted via urine and faeces
-manage stress levels
-client education
(minimise close contact, exercise in quiet areas, waste disposal of urine and faeces)
What assessment is carried out for neurological patients?
-neurological assessment
-urination/defecation function assessment
-mobility assessment
-feeding assessment
-rehab plan
What nursing interventions are carried out for neurological patients?
-supportive bedding
-kept in sternal recumbency, turning every 2-4 hours
-coupage and nebulisation
-supported walking or cage rest
-monitor urination and defecation
-assisted feeding
-pain management
-skin care and grooming
-maintain body temp
What is included when assessing ophthalmic patients?
-evaluate level of sight
-ability to cope with unfamiliar environments
-levels of stress
What nursing interventions can be carried out for ophthalmic patients?
-reassure patient, lots of speaking for awareness
-reduce stress
-careful handling.
-create routine for feeding
-ocular hygiene and lubrication
-dimmed lights
