Endocrine+immune system Flashcards
Pituitary Gland
Master gland, secretes hormones that stimulate other glands, makes Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Human growth hormone (HGH), and more, under brain
Hypothalamus
next to pituatary, sends messages to the pituatary telling which glands need to be stimulated, connects the endocrine and nervous system, starts all Endo responses
Thyriod
secretes thyroxin, which regulates metabolism, wrapped around trachea
Pineal gland
deep inside brain, secretes melatonin for sleep
Parathyroid
small black dots on thyroid that regulate calcium metabolism
Thymus
In chest cavity, provides area for lymphocyte maturation, necessary for immune system developement, gets smaller with age
Pancreas
regulates blood sugar levels by secreting insulin and glucagon
Insulin
When blood sugar levels get too high, insulin tells cells to take it in, decreasing blood glucose
Glucagon
When blood sugar levels get too high, glucagon breaks down the glycogen in the liver and sends it into the blood stream, increasing blood glucose
Adrenal glands
Sit on top of kidneys, produce adrenalin
Testes
produce testosterone, necesary for secondary sex characteristics in men
Ovaries
produce estrogen, necesary for secondary sex characteristics in women
Rising levels are detected by hypothalamus and endocrine response is turned
Off, inhibitory
Low levels are detected by hypothalamus and endocrine response is turned
on, stimulatory
Pathogen
foreign invader that causes disease
antigen
small protiens on cell membrane that are specific to each organism
antibody
protiens that are made to block the antigens on pathogens
Memory B cells
Remeber how to create antibodies for antigens on pathogens
Goiter
Enlargement and impairment of thyroid gland due to lack of iodine in diet
Hypersecretion
Too much of a hormone is produced
Hyposecretion
Not enough hormone is produced
Endocrine responses are _____ and ______ than nervous responses
Slower and longer
first line of defense
skin, mucus, tears, sweat, nonspecific, aims to keep all pathogens out
2nd line of defense
phagocytosis- WBC engulf any pathogens, fever, inflammation, non-specific, aim to remove all pathogens
3rd line of defense
Specific, plasma B cells recognize pathogens and create antibodies to the pathogens specific antigens
Plasma B cells
recognize antigens, create antibodies to attach to those antigens and target them for destruction
Memory B cells
remain in body and remember how to make antibodies so you can’t catch the same disease twice
Killer T cells
kill infected cells that have foreign antigens
Helper T cells
activate all immune cells
Lymphocytes are a type of WBC that produce
antibodies, b and t cells
Passive immunity
Antibodies are given to you, monoclonial injections, breastmilk, temporary
active immunity
Antibodies are made by body, vaccines, getting sick, permanent
