Digestion + Macromolecules Flashcards
What two elements are in an organic molecule?
Carbon and Hydrogen
What is the process where macromolecules are made?
Dehydration synthesis
What is a product of dehydration synthesis?
Water
Polymers are broken apart by what process?
Hydrolysis
What two factors affect the shape of proteins?
Temperature and pH
The temperature where an enzymes rate of reaction (ROr) will be highest is called?
Optimum temperature
Enzymes exposed to extremely cold temperatures do not denature. T or F
True
Enzymes exposed to extremely hot temperatures don’t denature
False
Each enzyme is specific to its…
Substrate
What two macromolecules are made up of Carbon Hydrogen and Oxygen ONLY?
Lipids and Carbohydrates
Amino acids are the monomers of…
Protiens
Long term energy is the function of…
Lipids
Starch is an example of a polymer of a…
Carbohydrate
An unsaturated acid is a … of a …
polymer, lipid
What is the shape of a carbohydrate?
Hexagon
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus make up…
Nucleic acids
Shape of a lipid
E
polypeptide is a… of a …
polymer, protein
All macromolecules are… organic or inorganic?
Organic
Why can’t humans digest lettuce? (one word)
What are plants rich in that helps move food along the digestive tracts?
cellulose, fiber
What is pepsin and where can it be found?
A protein enzyme, the stomach
What are the end products of lipid digestion?
three fatty acids and one glycerol
Where does chem digestion begin and end for Carbohydrates?
Mouth, Small Intestine
What organ makes bile?
Liver
WHat organ stores bile?
Gallbladder
Food is digested to become… so it can be easily passes through cell walls and into the bloodstream.
monomers
WHat macromolecule chemical digestion starts and end in the same organ? What organ?
Lipids, Small intestine
The purpose of mechanical digestion is to … … …. … of the food for the enzymes to act on.
Increase the surface area
How is food moved through the digestive tract?
peristalsis
What does the pancreases do?
Makes and secretes enzymes into the Small Intestine
What is longer, the small or large intestine
Small
What organ absorbs water
Large intestine
Acid Reflux can damage your
esophagus
What are the small projections that absorb food nutrients in the small Intestine
Villi
What are the “Lock and Key” of the digestive system
Enzyme and Substrate
WHat is the place where A substrate fits into an enzyme
Active site
Enzymes are what macromolecules?
Protiens
Can an enzyme be reused after it is used?
Yes
The more substrate added to a solution will cause the RoR to
plateau
Any pH higher or lower than optimum pH will cause an enzyme to denature. T or F
True
What food could be broken down to use for insulation? Butter, hamburger, eggs, or bread
Butter
Appendicitis is … of the appendix that requires … to get it removed
inflammation, surgery
Bacterium eats away at the mucus lining of the … causing HCl to touch the organ, creating …
stomach, ulcers
tooth decay leads to limited… digestion
mechanical
What digestion takes place in the stomach
Both
What digestion takes place in the large intestine
none
What digestion occurs in the stomach? Small Intestine?
both, chemical
Gallstones are hardened.. deposits that block the gallbladder. This would to … not getting digested
cholesterol, fats
Alimentary canal is made of … … that moves food in one direction
smooth muscle
