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Biology 12 > Endocrine Hormones Table > Flashcards

Endocrine Hormones Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?

A
  • Human growth hormone (HGH)
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Prolactin
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2
Q

What does growth hormone do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Responsible for promoting proper growth
  • Targets bones and many other body tissues
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3
Q

What does thyroid stimulating hormone do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine which regulates metabolism
  • Targets the thyroid gland
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4
Q

What does follicle stimulating hormone do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Stimulates follicle development in ovaries and sperm development in males.
  • Targets ovaries and testes
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5
Q

What does luteinizing hormone do? What cells does it target?

A
  • In females, it stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum. In males, LH stimulates the productions of the sex hormone, testosterone.
    -Targets ovaries and testes
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6
Q

What does prolactin do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Secreted only when a female is lactating. It stimulates and maintains milk production
  • Targets milk producing cells in the mammary glands.
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7
Q

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Stimulates the outer adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands to secrete its hormones.
  • Targets the adrenal cortex
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8
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin)

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9
Q

What does oxytocin do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Initiates strong uterine contractions during labour and triggers milk release in lactating females.
  • Targets the uterus and mammary glands
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10
Q

What does ADH/vasopressin do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Acts on the kidneys and helps regulate water balance by stimulating the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. By doing so this hormone helps to regulate blood pressure.
  • Targets the kidneys
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11
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland?

A

Parathyroid hormone

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12
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Causes calcium to be released into the blood
  • Targets the kidneys, intestines and bones
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13
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin

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14
Q

What does melatonin do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Plays a role in regulating our circadian rhythms and as a result influences our sleep-wake cycle.
  • Targets many body cells (brain)
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15
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the thymus?

A

Thymosin

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16
Q

What does thymosin do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Stimulates the production of a specific white blood cell known as the T lymphocyte cells. These cells are needed to fight infections.
  • Targets the immune system
17
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the thyroid?

A

Calcitonin and thyroxine

18
Q

What does calcitonin do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Lowers blood calcium levels (tells the bone to absorb calcium)
  • Targets bone cells
19
Q

What does thyroxine do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Controls metabolism. Most common hormone produced by this gland
  • Targets most body cells
20
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the pancreas?

A

Insulin and glucagon

21
Q

What does insulin do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Lowers blood glucose levels
  • Targets most body cells (primarily liver, muscles and fat cells)
22
Q

What does glucagon do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Increases blood glucose levels
  • Targets most body cells (primarily liver cells)
23
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the testes?

A

Testosterone

24
Q

What does testosterone do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Responsible for maturation of sperm cells, influencing the development of secondary male sexual characteristics at puberty, facial hair, lowering the voice, muscle development, etc. Also associated with sex drive
  • Targets many body cells, specifically those in the testes that produce sperm
25
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the ovaries?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

26
Q

What does estrogen do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Increases the thickening of the uterine lining (endometrium), it also activates the development of female secondary sex characteristics such as body hair, development of breasts, hips widening, etc.
  • Targets many body cells, specifically those in the uterus’s endometrium lining
27
Q

What does progesterone do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Secreted by the ovaries to maintain the uterine lining/endometrium during pregnancy
  • Targets the uterus
28
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands (adrenal medulla)?

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

29
Q

What does adrenaline do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Raises blood glucose levels to enable the body to deal with stress for short term purposes
  • Targets the heart, muscles and liver
30
Q

What does noradrenaline do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Constricts blood vessels and increases heart rate
  • Targets the blood vessels
31
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex)?

A

Cortisol and aldosterone

32
Q

What does cortisol do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Responsible for the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and their conversion to glucose. The glucocorticoids therefore raise blood glucose levels
  • Targets many body cells
33
Q

What does aldosterone do? What cells does it target?

A
  • Responsible for retaining water and reabsorbing sodium which helps to regulate blood pressure
  • Targets the kidney

Biology 12 (7 decks)

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