Endocrine Hormones Table Flashcards
Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?
- Human growth hormone (HGH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Prolactin
What does growth hormone do? What cells does it target?
- Responsible for promoting proper growth
- Targets bones and many other body tissues
What does thyroid stimulating hormone do? What cells does it target?
- Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine which regulates metabolism
- Targets the thyroid gland
What does follicle stimulating hormone do? What cells does it target?
- Stimulates follicle development in ovaries and sperm development in males.
- Targets ovaries and testes
What does luteinizing hormone do? What cells does it target?
- In females, it stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum. In males, LH stimulates the productions of the sex hormone, testosterone.
-Targets ovaries and testes
What does prolactin do? What cells does it target?
- Secreted only when a female is lactating. It stimulates and maintains milk production
- Targets milk producing cells in the mammary glands.
What does adrenocorticotropic hormone do? What cells does it target?
- Stimulates the outer adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands to secrete its hormones.
- Targets the adrenal cortex
Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin)
What does oxytocin do? What cells does it target?
- Initiates strong uterine contractions during labour and triggers milk release in lactating females.
- Targets the uterus and mammary glands
What does ADH/vasopressin do? What cells does it target?
- Acts on the kidneys and helps regulate water balance by stimulating the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. By doing so this hormone helps to regulate blood pressure.
- Targets the kidneys
Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland?
Parathyroid hormone
What does parathyroid hormone do? What cells does it target?
- Causes calcium to be released into the blood
- Targets the kidneys, intestines and bones
Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?
Melatonin
What does melatonin do? What cells does it target?
- Plays a role in regulating our circadian rhythms and as a result influences our sleep-wake cycle.
- Targets many body cells (brain)
Which hormone is secreted by the thymus?
Thymosin
What does thymosin do? What cells does it target?
- Stimulates the production of a specific white blood cell known as the T lymphocyte cells. These cells are needed to fight infections.
- Targets the immune system
Which hormones are secreted by the thyroid?
Calcitonin and thyroxine
What does calcitonin do? What cells does it target?
- Lowers blood calcium levels (tells the bone to absorb calcium)
- Targets bone cells
What does thyroxine do? What cells does it target?
- Controls metabolism. Most common hormone produced by this gland
- Targets most body cells
Which hormones are secreted by the pancreas?
Insulin and glucagon
What does insulin do? What cells does it target?
- Lowers blood glucose levels
- Targets most body cells (primarily liver, muscles and fat cells)
What does glucagon do? What cells does it target?
- Increases blood glucose levels
- Targets most body cells (primarily liver cells)
Which hormone is secreted by the testes?
Testosterone
What does testosterone do? What cells does it target?
- Responsible for maturation of sperm cells, influencing the development of secondary male sexual characteristics at puberty, facial hair, lowering the voice, muscle development, etc. Also associated with sex drive
- Targets many body cells, specifically those in the testes that produce sperm
