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Pathophysiology > Endocrine Hormones > Flashcards

Endocrine Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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2
Q

what kind of hormone is ACTH

A

peptide

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3
Q

what organ is ACTH assoc with

A

adrenal glands

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4
Q

where is ACTH released

A

from AP

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5
Q

what cell type released ACTH

A

corticotroph cell

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6
Q

stimuli that causes release of ACTH

A

stress stimuli

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7
Q

target organ for ACTH

bind to what cells

A

adrenal glands

*bind to adrenocortical cells

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8
Q

what happens after ACTH binds to rec cell on adrenal gland

A

corticosteroid hormones are released from cells

  • mainly glucocorticoids
  • some mineralcorticoids
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9
Q

what kind of effects does glucocorticoids have on the body

A

anti-inflammatory
and
metabolic effects

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10
Q

role of mineralcorticoids in body

A

electrolyte and fluid balance

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11
Q

most important glucocoticoid hormone?

A

cortisol

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12
Q

basic roles of cortisol

A

-anti-inflamammatory
-induces lipolysis
-in liver: promotes gluconeogenesis and increase glycogen storage
-incrs insulin resistance
-incrs blood gluc levels–>incr in insulin release
“diabetogenic”
-in muscles: stimulates proteolysis
**maintains BP levels via vasoconstriction
-decrs bone formation
-supresses Ca2 absoprtion in bowel
-inhibits fibroblasts leading to poor wound healing

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13
Q

another name for GH

A

somatotropin

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14
Q

GHRH binds to what cell in AP?

which hormone is released

A

somatotroph cells

—releases GH

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15
Q

somatostatin?

A

also called growth hormone INHIBITING hormone

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16
Q

how does somatostatin inhibit GH?

A

it blocks GHRH from acting on somatotroph cell in AP

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17
Q

direct and indirect effects of GH

A

direct: incr gluconeogenesis, incr glycogenolysis, incr insulin resistance, incr lipoylsis, diabetogenic

indirect:
- stimulates release of insulin-like growth factor 1
* binds to rec in liver, skell muscle, bones and adrenal glands

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18
Q

what cells produce prolactin

found in what organ

A

lactotrophes

AP

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19
Q

what is prolactin inhibiting factor

A

dopamine

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20
Q

prolactin releasing hormone is also called

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone

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21
Q

ADH or___

A

vasopressin

22
Q

effects from ADH

A

vasocontriction
water retention—preventing the body from making too much urine

**INCR in BP

23
Q

as you become dehydrated, your plasma osmolarity incrs or decrs?

A

INCREASES

*bc nmber of solute remain the same but fluid is lost so its a hypertonic soln

24
Q

main hormones released from AP (6)

A 
prolactin 
GH 
ACTH
LH 
FSH 
TSH
25
Q

AP hormones are secreted in a ____ way/pattern

A

pulsatile–regulation by many specific hypothalamic releasing factors

26
Q

what cells secrete prolactin

A

lactotropes

27
Q

predominant central control mechanism for prolactin release?

A

INHIBITORY**

dopamine from hypothalamus–>supresses release of prolactin

28
Q

other than inhib of dopamine, what other hormone stim porlactin release

A

TRH

29
Q

what is IGF-1

A

insulin-like growth factor 1

30
Q

functions of prolactin

A

milk production
decrease sex drive
decrease reproductive function
*****all functions are geared so that maternal lactation is not disrupted and is sustained and not interrupted by pregnancy

31
Q

which is the most abundant AP hormone

A

GH

32
Q

which cells secrete GH

A

somatotrope cells–make up 50% of AP

33
Q

what inhibits GH secretion

A

somatostatin

34
Q

target cell that GH binds to?

A

IGF-1

35
Q

chronic glucocorticoid excess and relationship to GH

A

supresses GH release

36
Q

Estrogen and GH release

A

estrogen induces GH release

37
Q

which organs express greatest number of GH receptors

A

liver and cartilage

38
Q

functions of GH

A 
induce protein synthesis 
nitrogen retention 
impairs glucose tolerance 
stimulates lipolysis--increasing FAs 
enhacement of lean body mass 
promotes NA, K and h2o retention 
elevates serum levels of phosphate
39
Q

major sourec of IGF-1?

A

liver

40
Q

what cells secrete ACTH

A

corticotrope cells–20% of AP cell population

41
Q

when does ACTH peak

A

early am about 6 am

42
Q

what can increase ACTH levels

4

A

physical and psychological stress
exercise
acute illness
insulin induced hypoglycemia

43
Q

name of the receptor that ACTH binds to?

A

melanocortin-2 receptor

44
Q

function of ACTH

A

steroidgenesis

45
Q

what cells secrete FSH and LH

A

gondotrope cells–10% of AP cell population

46
Q

what regulates ovulation

A

LH

47
Q

what stimulates estrogen production in ovaries

A

FSH

48
Q

what regulates spermatogenesis in men

A

FSH

49
Q

what stimulates testosterone synthesis

A

LH

50
Q

what cells secrete TSH

A

thyrotrope cells–5% of AP cell population

51
Q

what two cells does TRH stimulate

A

lactotrope and thyrotrope

Pathophysiology (13 decks)

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