Endocrine Hormones Flashcards
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
what kind of hormone is ACTH
peptide
what organ is ACTH assoc with
adrenal glands
where is ACTH released
from AP
what cell type released ACTH
corticotroph cell
stimuli that causes release of ACTH
stress stimuli
target organ for ACTH
bind to what cells
adrenal glands
*bind to adrenocortical cells
what happens after ACTH binds to rec cell on adrenal gland
corticosteroid hormones are released from cells
- mainly glucocorticoids
- some mineralcorticoids
what kind of effects does glucocorticoids have on the body
anti-inflammatory
and
metabolic effects
role of mineralcorticoids in body
electrolyte and fluid balance
most important glucocoticoid hormone?
cortisol
basic roles of cortisol
-anti-inflamammatory
-induces lipolysis
-in liver: promotes gluconeogenesis and increase glycogen storage
-incrs insulin resistance
-incrs blood gluc levels–>incr in insulin release
“diabetogenic”
-in muscles: stimulates proteolysis
**maintains BP levels via vasoconstriction
-decrs bone formation
-supresses Ca2 absoprtion in bowel
-inhibits fibroblasts leading to poor wound healing
another name for GH
somatotropin
GHRH binds to what cell in AP?
which hormone is released
somatotroph cells
—releases GH
somatostatin?
also called growth hormone INHIBITING hormone
how does somatostatin inhibit GH?
it blocks GHRH from acting on somatotroph cell in AP
direct and indirect effects of GH
direct: incr gluconeogenesis, incr glycogenolysis, incr insulin resistance, incr lipoylsis, diabetogenic
indirect:
- stimulates release of insulin-like growth factor 1
* binds to rec in liver, skell muscle, bones and adrenal glands
what cells produce prolactin
found in what organ
lactotrophes
AP
what is prolactin inhibiting factor
dopamine
prolactin releasing hormone is also called
thyrotropin releasing hormone
ADH or___
vasopressin
effects from ADH
vasocontriction
water retention—preventing the body from making too much urine
**INCR in BP
as you become dehydrated, your plasma osmolarity incrs or decrs?
INCREASES
*bc nmber of solute remain the same but fluid is lost so its a hypertonic soln
main hormones released from AP (6)
prolactin GH ACTH LH FSH TSH
AP hormones are secreted in a ____ way/pattern
pulsatile–regulation by many specific hypothalamic releasing factors
what cells secrete prolactin
lactotropes
predominant central control mechanism for prolactin release?
INHIBITORY**
dopamine from hypothalamus–>supresses release of prolactin
other than inhib of dopamine, what other hormone stim porlactin release
TRH
what is IGF-1
insulin-like growth factor 1
functions of prolactin
milk production
decrease sex drive
decrease reproductive function
*****all functions are geared so that maternal lactation is not disrupted and is sustained and not interrupted by pregnancy
which is the most abundant AP hormone
GH
which cells secrete GH
somatotrope cells–make up 50% of AP
what inhibits GH secretion
somatostatin
target cell that GH binds to?
IGF-1
chronic glucocorticoid excess and relationship to GH
supresses GH release
Estrogen and GH release
estrogen induces GH release
which organs express greatest number of GH receptors
liver and cartilage
functions of GH
induce protein synthesis nitrogen retention impairs glucose tolerance stimulates lipolysis--increasing FAs enhacement of lean body mass promotes NA, K and h2o retention elevates serum levels of phosphate
major sourec of IGF-1?
liver
what cells secrete ACTH
corticotrope cells–20% of AP cell population
when does ACTH peak
early am about 6 am
what can increase ACTH levels
4
physical and psychological stress
exercise
acute illness
insulin induced hypoglycemia
name of the receptor that ACTH binds to?
melanocortin-2 receptor
function of ACTH
steroidgenesis
what cells secrete FSH and LH
gondotrope cells–10% of AP cell population
what regulates ovulation
LH
what stimulates estrogen production in ovaries
FSH
what regulates spermatogenesis in men
FSH
what stimulates testosterone synthesis
LH
what cells secrete TSH
thyrotrope cells–5% of AP cell population
what two cells does TRH stimulate
lactotrope and thyrotrope
