Endocrine Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)? Action, Organ, D/T

A

Action: stimulates the release of FSH and LH
Organ: Hypothalamus
Type:
Direct/tropic? Tropic

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2
Q

What is the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GNRH)? Action, Organ, D/T

A

Action: stimulates release of the growth hormone (GH)
Organ: Hypothalamus
Type:
Direct/tropic? Tropic

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3
Q

What is the thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A

Action: stimulates release of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Organ: Hypothalamus
Type:
Direct/tropic? Tropic

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4
Q

What is the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)?

A

Action: stimulates release of adrenocorticoptripoic hormone (ACTH)
Organ: Hypothalamus
Type:
Direct/tropic? Tropic

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5
Q

What is prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: inhibits prolactin secretion 
Organ: Hypothalamus
Type: 
Direct/tropic? Tropic
Extra: aka dopamine
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6
Q

What is follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: stimulates follicle maturation in females; spermatogenesis in males 
Organ: Anterior pituitary
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Tropic
Other:
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7
Q

What is luteinizing hormone (LH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males 
Organ: Anterior pituitary
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Tropic
Other:
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8
Q

What is adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesis and secrete glucocorticoids
Organ: Anterior pituitary
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Tropic
Other:
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9
Q

What is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: stimulates/controls the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones
Organ: Anterior pituitary
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Tropic
Other:
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10
Q

What is prolactin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A

Action: stimulates milk production and secretion from mammary glands
Organ: Anterior pituitary/ mammary glands
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:

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11
Q

What are endorphins? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: decrease sensation of pain; can promote euphoria
Organ: Anterior pituitary
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:
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12
Q

What is growth hormone (GH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: stimulates bone and muscle growth; raises blood glucose levels, stimulates breakdown of fatty acids
Organ: Anterior pituitary
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:
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13
Q

What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T, Why

A

Action: stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing permeability of collecting duct
Organ: Posterior pituitary
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Why: secreted in response to increased plasma osmolarity or increased concentration of solutes within the blood

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14
Q

What is oxytocin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may promote bonding behavior
Organ: Posterior pituitary
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other: positive feedback loop
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15
Q

What is triiodothyronine (T3)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: stimulates metabolic activity - sets the basal metabolic rate
Organ: Thyroid (follicular cells)
Type: Amino-acid derivative
Direct/Tropic: Direct 
Production: iodination of tyrosine
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16
Q

What is thyroxine (T4)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: stimulates metabolic activity - sets basal metabolic rate
Organ: Thyroid (follicular cells)
Type: Amino-acid derivative
Direct/Tropic: Direct 
Production: Iodination of tyrosine
17
Q

What is calcitonin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: decreases blood calcium concentrations in plasma via (1) increasing calcium excretion from kidneys, (2) decreasing calcium absorption from the gut (3) increasing storage of calcium in the bone; calcium homeostasis 
Organ: Thyroid (C-cells)
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:
18
Q

What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: increases blood calcium concentrations; (1) decreases excretion of calcium from the kidneys, (2)  increases absorption of calcium in the gut (3) increases bone resorption 
Organ: Parathyroids
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other: antagonistic hormone to calcium
19
Q

What is cortisol? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A

Action: increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory
Organ: Adrenal cortex
Type: Steroid
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other: “stress hormone” because triggered by stress; increases blood sugar

20
Q

What is cortisone? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory
Organ: Adrenal cortex
Type: Steroid
Direct/Tropic: Direct 
Other:
21
Q

What is aldosterone? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: increase water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing sodium reabsorption; promote potassium  and hydrogen ion excretion
Organ: Adrenal cortex
Type: Steroid
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:
22
Q

What is epinephrine? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: increase blood glucose concentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns
Organ: Adrenal medulla
Type: Amino-acid derivative
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:
23
Q

What is norepinephrine? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: increase blood glucose concentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns
Organ: Adrenal medulla
Type: Amino-acid derivative
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:
24
Q

What is glucagon? Action, Organ, Type, D/T

A
Action: stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis); increase blood glucose concentrations
Organ: alpha cells in the pancreas
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:
25
What is insulin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
``` Action: lowers blood glucose concentrations and promotes anabolic processes Organ: beta cells in the pancreas Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: ```
26
What is somatostatin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin Organ: little delta cells of pancreas (and hypothalamus) Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
27
What is testosterone?
``` Action: induces the development and maintenance of male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics Organ: Testis/adrenal cortex Type: Steroid Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: ```
28
What is estrogen? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
``` Action: induces the development and maintenance of female reproductive system and female secondary sex characteristics Organ: Ovary/placenta Type: Steroid Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: ```
29
What is progesterone? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
``` Action: promotes maintenance of the endometrium Organ: Ovary/placenta Type: Steroid Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: ```
30
What is melatonin?
``` Action: involved in circadian rhythms Organ: Pineal gland Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: ```
31
What is erythropoietin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
``` Action: stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes Organ: Kidney Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: ```
32
What is atrial natriuretic peptide?
``` Action: promotes salt and water excretion Organ: Heart (atria) Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: ```
33
What is thymosin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
``` Action: stimulates T-cell development Organ: thymus Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: ```