Endocrine Hormones Flashcards
What is the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)? Action, Organ, D/T
Action: stimulates the release of FSH and LH
Organ: Hypothalamus
Type:
Direct/tropic? Tropic
What is the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GNRH)? Action, Organ, D/T
Action: stimulates release of the growth hormone (GH)
Organ: Hypothalamus
Type:
Direct/tropic? Tropic
What is the thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates release of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Organ: Hypothalamus
Type:
Direct/tropic? Tropic
What is the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)?
Action: stimulates release of adrenocorticoptripoic hormone (ACTH)
Organ: Hypothalamus
Type:
Direct/tropic? Tropic
What is prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: inhibits prolactin secretion Organ: Hypothalamus Type: Direct/tropic? Tropic Extra: aka dopamine
What is follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates follicle maturation in females; spermatogenesis in males Organ: Anterior pituitary Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Tropic Other:
What is luteinizing hormone (LH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males Organ: Anterior pituitary Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Tropic Other:
What is adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesis and secrete glucocorticoids Organ: Anterior pituitary Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Tropic Other:
What is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates/controls the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones Organ: Anterior pituitary Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Tropic Other:
What is prolactin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates milk production and secretion from mammary glands
Organ: Anterior pituitary/ mammary glands
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:
What are endorphins? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: decrease sensation of pain; can promote euphoria Organ: Anterior pituitary Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is growth hormone (GH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates bone and muscle growth; raises blood glucose levels, stimulates breakdown of fatty acids Organ: Anterior pituitary Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T, Why
Action: stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing permeability of collecting duct
Organ: Posterior pituitary
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Why: secreted in response to increased plasma osmolarity or increased concentration of solutes within the blood
What is oxytocin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may promote bonding behavior Organ: Posterior pituitary Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: positive feedback loop
What is triiodothyronine (T3)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates metabolic activity - sets the basal metabolic rate Organ: Thyroid (follicular cells) Type: Amino-acid derivative Direct/Tropic: Direct Production: iodination of tyrosine
What is thyroxine (T4)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates metabolic activity - sets basal metabolic rate Organ: Thyroid (follicular cells) Type: Amino-acid derivative Direct/Tropic: Direct Production: Iodination of tyrosine
What is calcitonin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: decreases blood calcium concentrations in plasma via (1) increasing calcium excretion from kidneys, (2) decreasing calcium absorption from the gut (3) increasing storage of calcium in the bone; calcium homeostasis Organ: Thyroid (C-cells) Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: increases blood calcium concentrations; (1) decreases excretion of calcium from the kidneys, (2) increases absorption of calcium in the gut (3) increases bone resorption Organ: Parathyroids Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other: antagonistic hormone to calcium
What is cortisol? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory
Organ: Adrenal cortex
Type: Steroid
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other: “stress hormone” because triggered by stress; increases blood sugar
What is cortisone? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory Organ: Adrenal cortex Type: Steroid Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is aldosterone? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: increase water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing sodium reabsorption; promote potassium and hydrogen ion excretion Organ: Adrenal cortex Type: Steroid Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is epinephrine? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: increase blood glucose concentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns Organ: Adrenal medulla Type: Amino-acid derivative Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is norepinephrine? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: increase blood glucose concentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns Organ: Adrenal medulla Type: Amino-acid derivative Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is glucagon? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis); increase blood glucose concentrations Organ: alpha cells in the pancreas Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is insulin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: lowers blood glucose concentrations and promotes anabolic processes Organ: beta cells in the pancreas Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is somatostatin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin
Organ: little delta cells of pancreas (and hypothalamus)
Type: Peptide
Direct/Tropic: Direct
Other:
What is testosterone?
Action: induces the development and maintenance of male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics Organ: Testis/adrenal cortex Type: Steroid Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is estrogen? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: induces the development and maintenance of female reproductive system and female secondary sex characteristics Organ: Ovary/placenta Type: Steroid Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is progesterone? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: promotes maintenance of the endometrium Organ: Ovary/placenta Type: Steroid Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is melatonin?
Action: involved in circadian rhythms Organ: Pineal gland Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is erythropoietin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes Organ: Kidney Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is atrial natriuretic peptide?
Action: promotes salt and water excretion Organ: Heart (atria) Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
What is thymosin? Action, Organ, Type, D/T
Action: stimulates T-cell development Organ: thymus Type: Peptide Direct/Tropic: Direct Other:
