Endocrine Glands 2: Thyroid et al Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 hormones produced by the thyroid gland? What is their general role?

A

T3 triiodothyronine

T4 thyroxine

hormones qui régulent la croissance, le développement et le
métabolisme du corps

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2
Q

cellules glandulaires au niveau du thyroid sont organisées en follicules sphériques entourant une cavité centrale fermée contenant ____________________

A

la colloïde

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3
Q

What are the two cells found in the thyroid gland and their release product?

A

Thyréocytes: Release thyroglobuline:
Cellules C (claire or para-folliculaires): Release calcitonin: Inhibit Osteoclast activity

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4
Q

In the thyroid gland, what are the steps in synthèse des hormones thyroïdiennes?

A

Synthesis is Thyroglobuline and exocitosis
Combination of iodure moluecule with the thyroglobuline
Endocytosis of ionated thyroglobuline
liberation of T3 and T4 (endocrine glands)

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5
Q

hormones thyroïdiennes sont majoritairement produites sous forme de ________ qui très peu active. Elle est transformée en ______ active dans les cellules cibles

A

T4
T3

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5
Q

3 types of cells in the parathyroid gland

A

1) Les cellules principales
2) Les cellules oxyphiles
3) Des adipocytes

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6
Q

Which organ does this describe?

Organize en Amas et cordons de cellules principales séparés par de fins cloisons conjonctifs et traversés par des vaisseaux sanguins

A

amas et cordons de cellules principales = parathyroide

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7
Q

Les cellules principales des parathyroïdes sont
sensibles à la concentration de ______. Elles
secrètent la PTH en cas d’une _____________________

A

Ca2+ (calcium)
hypocalcémie.

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8
Q

What is the effect of parathormone (PTH), which organs secrets it and which cells?

A

Parathyroid
Principal Cells
hormone hypercalcémiante.
1. PTH stimulates osteoclast formation
2. Stimulates vitamine D formation
3. OVERALL, MORE CALCIUM

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9
Q

What is the main function of surrenal glands?

A

principalement responsables de la gestion
des situations de stress

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10
Q

What are the two main zones of the surrenal glands?

A

a) La corticosurrénale (cortex)
b) La médullosurrénale (au milieu)

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11
Q

Which zone in the corticosurrenal is responsible for :
Aldostérone production
Sodium réabsorption

A

Glomérule

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12
Q

Which zone in the corticosurrenal is responsible for :
Cortisol production
Blood pressure, heart rate etc.

A

Fascicule

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13
Q

Which zone in the corticosurrenal is responsible for :
Androgene
hormones sexuelles

A

Reticule

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14
Q

What does aldosterone trigger?

A

Sodium réabsorption

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15
Q

What types of cells found in the medullosurrenal and secretion product?

A

Cellules chromaffines:

Secrete: adrénaline et noradrénaline

Les catécholamines sont sécrétés en cas de
stress et ils augmentent la fréquence cardiaque,
la pression sanguine et la concentration de
glucose dans le sang.

16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE,

While being in the same organ, the a) La corticosurrénale (cortex)
and b) La médullosurrénale (au milieu) have different origines.

A

TRUE

17
Q

What kind of organ is the pancreas?

A

amphicrine
both exocrine and endocrine

18
Q

3 types of cells in endocrine pancreas, product and effect

A

Cellules β:

Must numerous → secrete insulin, reduce glycose in the blood

Cellules α:

Secrete glucagon → opposite of insulin, increase glycuse in the blood

Cellules δ:

Secrete Somatostatine
regulation of hormone secretion

19
Q

What is Le système endocrinien diffus (3 properties)?

A

Glandes endocrines unicellulaires

cellules sont insérées dans les épithéliums ou entre les autres cellules glandulaires exocrines

Polarité inversée: pôle apical dirigé vers le tissu conjonctif et non pas vers la lumière du tube digestif