Appareil Urinaire 1

Question 1

The Kidney is a ________________ organ.

Answer 1

Retroperitoneal

Question 2

What are the two parts of the kidney?

Answer 2

Cortex:
Medulla:

Question 3

Where do we find colonnes de Bertin?

Answer 3

Cortex of the kidney but elongates all the way into the medulla

Question 4

Where do we find Pyramide de Malpighi?

Answer 4

In the medulla but La base des pyramides se prolongent dans le cortex:

Question 5

What is pyramides de Ferrein?

Answer 5

Pyramide de Malpighi

La base des pyramides se prolongent dans le cortex:

Question 6

What is papille rénale?

Answer 6

Le sommet de pyramides Malpighi

Question 7

What separates two pyramides de Malphighi?

Answer 7

Les colonnes de Bertin

Question 8

The filtering functional part of the kidneys is called the:

Answer 8

Nephron

Question 9

True or False

Les tubes collecteurs: sont en communication avec les néphrons

Answer 9

TRUE TRUE TRUE

Question 10

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 10

les néphrons corticaux (néphrons courts)

les néphrons juxtamédullaires (néphrons longs).

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE,
Tube contourné proximal and Corpuscule de Malpighi are found in the medullary part of the kidney.

Answer 11

FALSE

Found in the cortex

Question 12

What makes up the Corpuscule de Malpighi?

Answer 12

Capillaire Fenestrée: Glomerulus Renal

The Glomerulus renal is surrounded by the capsule de Bowman

Question 13

What forms the espace urinare?

Answer 13

The space between the visceral and parietal Bowman Capsule

Question 14

Le calibre de ____________ est supérieur à celui de ______________, pour assurer une pression adéquate.

Answer 14

l’artériole afférente
l’artériole efférente (AE)

Question 15

What do we find in the urinary space?

Answer 15

Outside the capsules the space is the urinary space: Primitive Urine

Question 16

Ø Le ______________ de la _____________________ est formé par des podocytes qui forment des _____________.

Answer 16

feuillet viscéral
capsule de Bowman
fentes de filtration.

Question 17

What are the 3 layers of filtration in the glomerular filtration?

Answer 17

L’endothélium fenêtré des capillaires

La membrane basale glomérulaire empêche le passage des grosses protéines.

Les fentes de filtrations des podocytes

Question 18

True or False,

Most of the filtered part at the filtrat glomérulaire will be reabsobed/

Answer 18

True.

Question 19

What are the 4 parts of renal re-absorbation?

Answer 19

ØLe tube contourné proximal
ØL’anse de Henlé
ØLe tube contourné distal
ØLes tubes collecteurs

Question 20

What is the lining and function of the Tube contourné proximal?

Answer 20

Contourné proximal est formé d’un épithélium simple cubique (exam question)

Les cellules épithéliales: néphrocytes sont bordées au pôle apicale par une des microvillosités (bordure en brosse),

Function:
Water, Ions, Glucose reabsorption

Question 21

What are the parts of the L’anse de Henlé and their respective epithelium?

Answer 21

Branche descending large: epithelium cubic simple

Brance grêle descending and ascending: épithélium simple pavimenteux

Branche ascendante large: epithelium cubic simple

Question 22

What is système a contre courant?

Answer 22

In the anse de Henle:

The descending portion will reabsorb water (impermeable to Ions)

The ascending part is the opposite. Reabsorption of ions and impermeable to water.

This is key for osmosis levels

This is called système
à contre-courant

Question 23

Type of epithelium in Tube Contournée Distal?

Answer 23

Epithelium Cubic Simple

Question 24

Le tube contourné distal prolonge la branche ascendante de _________________ et se trouve au contact de ______________

Answer 24

l’anse de Henlé
son glomérule d’origine

Question 25

True or false, Le tube distal est un endroit important pour la réabsorption de l'eau.

Answer 25

FALSE Le tube contourné distale est imperméable à l’eau. Réabsorption de certains ions

Question 26

What are the hormones controlling the re-absorption in the distal tube?

Answer 26

aldostérone, PTH

Question 27

What is Appareil juxtaglomerular?

Answer 27

segment du tube distal compris entre les artérioles afférente et efférente du corpuscule rénal

Question 28

What are the cells of the Appareil juxtaglomerular and their role?

Answer 28

**Cellules juxtaglomérulaires** : cellules myoépithéliales spécialisées de l’artériole afférente et l’artériole efférente: phénotype mixte, contractile et sécrétoire → sécrétion d’une enzyme → la rénine **Cellules de la macula densa ** du tube contourné distal ==> osmorécepteurs NaCl **Cellules mésangiales ** extraglomerular: release l’érythropoïétine (EPO)

Question 29

Cells that release l’érythropoïétine (EPO)

Answer 29

Cellules mésangiales extraglomerular

Question 30

Cells that release renine?

Answer 30

Cellules juxtaglomérulaires: cellules myoépithéliales spécialisées de l’artériole afférente et l’artériole efférente qui présentent un phénotype mixte, contractile et sécrétoire → sécrétion d’une enzyme → la rénine

Question 31

What is the role of the appareil juxtaglomerulaire?

Answer 31

Sense a **drop in blood pressure** (or drop in Na+ in the distal tube which is sensed by the osmoreceptors in the Macula Densa) which activates cellules juxtaglomerulaire which in turn secrete **Renine** Renine Secretion leads to **ADH** and **Aldosterone** Secretion Aldo + ADH -> increased Na+ and water reabsorption and balance of the system

Question 32

Explain tube collecteur path?

Answer 32

Le tube collecteur commence par les canaux d’union : epithelium cubic simple Follows all the way to tubes de Bellini that drain into the calices.

Question 33

True or False, The urine found in the calice is still primitive urine

Answer 33

FALSE The urine in the calice is the Definitive Urine

Question 34

What is the main role of the tube collecteur and what hormone controlls this?

Answer 34

Role: Based on body hydration increase or decrease water re-absorption This is controlled by the hypophyse (**vasopressin**)