Endocrine, Etc.

Question 1

Which artery supplies blood to the superior thyroid?

Answer 1

Superior Thyroid Artery

Question 2

What is the primary function of thyroid peroxidase in thyroid hormone synthesis?

Answer 2

It facilitates the iodination of thyroglobulin

Question 3

What is the formula for the synthesis of T3 hormone?

Answer 3

MIT + DIT

Question 4

Which vein does the right adrenal vein usually drain into?

Answer 4

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

Question 5

What type of carcinoma accounts for 80% of thyroid malignancies?

Answer 5

Papillary carcinoma

Question 6

Which imaging method is typically the first choice for evaluating thyroid nodules?

Answer 6

Ultrasound

Question 7

What is the half-life of Iodine-123?

Answer 7

12-14 hours

Question 8

What nerve innervates all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid?

Answer 8

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 9

What is the normal serum TSH range in thyroid function testing?

Answer 9

0.5-5 µU/ml

Question 10

Which thyroid condition might require a total thyroidectomy if the nodule is larger than 4 cm?

Answer 10

Follicular neoplasm

Question 11

Which nerve injury during thyroidectomy leads to postoperative hoarseness?

Answer 11

Unilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve injury

Question 12

What is the most sensitive and specific test for diagnosing hyperthyroidism?

Answer 12

Ultrasensitive TSH assay

Question 13

Which parathyroid hormone function targets bone, kidney, and the gut?

Answer 13

Regulation of calcium levels

Question 14

Name a common secondary cause of hyperparathyroidism.

Answer 14

Chronic renal failure

Question 15

What type of thyroid carcinoma is often associated with a history of radiation exposure?

Answer 15

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Question 16

In which muscle are parathyroid glands often autotransplanted?

Answer 16

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 17

Which imaging technique uses Iodine-123 and Iodine-131?

Answer 17

Radionuclide Imaging

Question 18

Which adrenal cortex zone secretes aldosterone?

Answer 18

Zona Glomerulosa

Question 19

Which hormone decreases in production due to the removal of the gastric fundus in a sleeve gastrectomy?

Answer 19

Ghrelin

Question 20

What is the typical BMI threshold for recommending bariatric surgery in patients with co-morbidities?

Answer 20

BMI ≥ 32.5

Question 21

What is the most common endocrine-related malignancy according to the document?

Answer 21

Thyroid cancer

Question 22

Which imaging technique is recommended for evaluating the extent of large, fixed, or substernal goiters?

Answer 22

CT Scan/MRI

Question 23

Which chemotherapeutic regimen is used for treating lymphoma in the thyroid?

Answer 23

CHOP Regimen (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisone)

Question 24

What condition is associated with positive Chvostek’s sign post-thyroidectomy?

Answer 24

Hypocalcemia

Question 25

Name one contraindication for adrenalectomy.

Answer 25

Extensive metastatic disease

Question 26

In thyroid cytopathology, what is the Bethesda classification for suspicious malignancy?

Answer 26

Class V (60-75% risk)

Question 27

Which thyroid carcinoma subtype has the worst prognosis?

Answer 27

Anaplastic carcinoma

Question 28

What is a key anatomical feature of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 28

It secretes catecholamines

Question 29

What BMI classifies morbid obesity in Asian populations?

Answer 29

BMI > 37.5

Question 30

What complication may arise from gastric band slippage?

Answer 30

Gastric prolapse

Question 31

Normal value serum TSH

Answer 31

Normal: 0.5- 5 µU/ml)

Question 32

reflects the ability of the anterior pituitary to detect free T4 levels

Answer 32

Serum TSH

Question 33

Total T3 T4 reference range:

Answer 33

To t a l T 4 : 55 -150 nmol/L To t a l T 3 : 1.5 -3.5 nmol/L

Question 34

Free T4 and T3 Reference Range:

Answer 34

- fT4 : 12-28 pmol/L - fT3 : 3-9 pmol/L