AWOM

Question 1

What are the nine layers of the abdominal wall?

Answer 1

Skin, Subcutaneous Tissue, Superficial Fascia, External Oblique Muscle, Internal Oblique Muscle, Transversus Abdominis Muscle, Transversalis Fascia, Preperitoneal Adipose Tissue, Peritoneum

Question 2

What surgical incision provides the most access to intra-abdominal organs?

Answer 2

Midline incision

Question 3

What is the most common approach for an appendectomy?

Answer 3

McBurney’s Incision

Question 4

Which incision is primarily used for cesarean sections?

Answer 4

Pfannenstiel incision

Question 5

What is the advantage of a transverse abdominal incision?

Answer 5

Lower risk of incisional hernia

Question 6

What congenital abnormality results from failure of the midgut to return to the abdomen?

Answer 6

Omphalocele

Question 7

What is the key difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele?

Answer 7

Gastroschisis lacks a peritoneal covering, while omphalocele is covered by an amniotic sac.

Question 8

What is the most common type of non-incisional hernia?

Answer 8

Umbilical hernia

Question 9

Which type of hernia occurs due to weakness below the arcuate line?

Answer 9

Spigelian hernia

Question 10

What factors increase the risk of incisional hernias?

Answer 10

Diabetes, immunosuppression, obesity, smoking, malnutrition, connective tissue disorders

Question 11

What is the standard treatment for incisional hernias?

Answer 11

Mesh repair

Question 12

Which type of laparoscopic hernia is at high risk for bowel strangulation?

Answer 12

Richter’s hernia

Question 13

What is Rectus Abdominis Diastasis?

Answer 13

Separation of rectus muscles without a true fascial defect

Question 14

What is the mainstay of treatment for Rectus Sheath Hematoma?

Answer 14

Observation or surgical intervention depending on severity

Question 15

What is the ‘Policeman of the Abdomen’?

Answer 15

Greater omentum

Question 16

What is the best imaging modality for diagnosing omental infarction?

Answer 16

CT Scan

Question 17

What is the most common malignant tumor of the omentum?

Answer 17

Metastatic ovarian cancer

Question 18

What is the characteristic sign of a mesenteric cyst?

Answer 18

Tillaux’s Sign (lateral mobility but not vertical)

Question 19

What is the most common benign mesenteric tumor?

Answer 19

Desmoid tumor

Question 20

What is the most common malignant mesenteric tumor?

Answer 20

Lymphoma

Question 21

What imaging study is best for diagnosing retroperitoneal fibrosis?

Answer 21

CT Scan with contrast

Question 22

What is the first-line treatment for retroperitoneal fibrosis?

Answer 22

High-dose prednisone for one month

Question 23

What is the most common retroperitoneal sarcoma?

Answer 23

Liposarcoma and Leiomyosarcoma

Question 24

What imaging study is recommended for retroperitoneal sarcomas?

Answer 24

Contrast-enhanced CT scan

Question 25

What is the treatment of choice for retroperitoneal sarcoma?

Answer 25

Complete surgical resection

Question 26

What is the clinical significance of the arcuate line?

Answer 26

Below this line, the posterior rectus sheath is absent, increasing hernia risk.

Question 27

Which abdominal wall layer is the strongest for suture placement?

Answer 27

External oblique aponeurosis

Question 28

What is the primary function of the omentum?

Answer 28

Immune defense, infection containment, and fat storage.

Question 29

Which imaging study is most sensitive for detecting mesenteric ischemia?

Answer 29

CT Angiography

Question 30

What are the three most common causes of small bowel obstruction?

Answer 30

Adhesions, hernias, and malignancy.

Question 31

Which hernia type is most common in females?

Answer 31

Femoral hernia

Question 32

What is Carnett’s sign and its significance?

Answer 32

Increased pain on tensing the abdominal muscles, suggesting abdominal wall pain rather than intra-abdominal pathology.

Question 33

What is the most common location of desmoid tumors in the abdomen?

Answer 33

Mesentery

Question 34

What surgical principle is key to preventing incisional hernias?

Answer 34

Layered closure with non-absorbable sutures and avoiding excessive tension.

Question 35

What retroperitoneal structure is commonly affected by fibrosis?

Answer 35

Ureters, leading to hydronephrosis.

Question 36

What is the 'Dangling Mesentery Sign' on imaging?

Answer 36

Suggests mesenteric fat infiltration due to malignancy.

Question 37

What are the two most common complications of omental infarction?

Answer 37

Abscess formation and bowel obstruction.

Question 38

Which structure must be preserved during an inguinal hernia repair to avoid chronic pain?

Answer 38

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 39

What is the most common complication of a Richter’s hernia?

Answer 39

Bowel strangulation without signs of obstruction.

Question 40

Which retroperitoneal tumor is most resistant to chemotherapy?

Answer 40

Liposarcoma

Question 41

What is the best initial management for a small asymptomatic mesenteric cyst?

Answer 41

Observation with periodic imaging.

Question 42

What is the ‘Beak Sign’ on imaging and what does it suggest?

Answer 42

Tapering of bowel loops indicating volvulus or obstruction.

Question 43

What are the hallmark CT findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis?

Answer 43

Soft tissue mass encasing the aorta and ureters.

Question 44

What is the gold standard treatment for a large, symptomatic mesenteric cyst?

Answer 44

Complete surgical excision.

Question 45

Which condition should be suspected in a patient with recurrent incisional hernias despite surgical repair?

Answer 45

Connective tissue disorder such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Question 46

What is the most common presenting symptom of a retroperitoneal sarcoma?

Answer 46

Painless abdominal mass.

Question 47

Which hernia is most commonly misdiagnosed as a lymph node?

Answer 47

Femoral hernia.

Question 48

What is the primary risk factor for spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma?

Answer 48

Anticoagulation therapy.

Question 49

What is the most common cause of secondary peritoneal carcinomatosis?

Answer 49

Gastrointestinal or ovarian malignancies.

Question 50

What is the ‘Caterpillar Sign’ on imaging?

Answer 50

Suggests malrotation with midgut volvulus.