endocrine drugs

Question 1

Excessive doses of levothyroxine can produce S&S of hyperthyrodism:

Answer 1

tachycardia, chest pain, tremors, nervousness, insomnia, hyperthermia, heat intolerance and sweating.

Question 2

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Answer 2

used for Graves disease; inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.

Question 3

time of administration of corticosteroids

Answer 3

before 9am to help minimize adrenal insufficiency and mimic the burst of glucocorticoids released naturally by the adrenal glands each morning

Question 4

Repaglinide

Answer 4

a rapid-acting oral hypoglycemic agent that stimulates pancreatic insulin secretin that should be taken before meals and held if client does not eat. side efect is hypoglycemia

Question 5

metformin

Answer 5

an oral hypoglycemic given in compination with repaglinide; decreases hepatic glucose production; common side effect is diarrhea; if muscle pain occurs it should be reported.

Question 6

infliximab (Remicade)

Answer 6

used in Crohn’s disease; an immunomodulator that reduces degree of inflammation in the colon, thereby reducing diarrhea and ab pain.

Question 7

Cimetidine

Answer 7

Histamine2-receptor antagonist; can have CNS side effects in older adults, ie confusion; less common are headache, dizziness, drowsiness and hallucinations

Question 8

Sucralfate

Answer 8

Gastric protectant used for gastric ulcer; should be scheduled for administration 1 hour before meals and at bedtime so that it can form protective coating over the ulcer before food intake stimulates gastric acid production and mechanical irritation.

Question 9

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

Answer 9

Gastric prtectant given to prevent gastric mucosal injury and epigastric pain caused by chronic NSAID use.

Question 10

Histamine2- receptor antagonists

Answer 10

Suppress secretion of gastric acid, alleviate symptoms of heartburn and assist in preventing complications of peptic ulcer disease; also supress gastric acid secretions and are used in active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis and pathological hypersecretory conditions.

Question 11

Examples of Histamine2-receptro antagonists drugs

Answer 11

Nizatidine (Axid), Rranitidine (Zantac), famotidine (Pepcid), cimetidine (Tagamet). All end in “tidine”

Question 12

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

Answer 12

Used to treat cough; an expectorant (brings up flem) and should be taken with a full glass of water to decrease the iscosity of secreations; extra doeses should not be taken; client should contace MD if cough lasts longer than 1 week or is acompanied by fever, rash, sore throut or persistent headache; fluids are needed to decrease viscosisty of secrions; does not need to be taken with food.

Question 13

Terbutaline

Answer 13

Bronchodilator; contraindicted in clients with hypersenstitivy to sympathomimetics; should be used with caution in pt with impaired cardiac function, DM, hypertensin, hyperthyroidims, or Hx of seizures; can increase blood glucose levels.

Question 14

Zafirlukast (Accolate)

Answer 14

A leukotriene receptor antagonist used in prophylaxis and long-term Tx of bronchial asthma; used with caution in clients with impaired hepatic function; liver function laboratory tests should be performed to obtain a baseline and levels should be montored during adminstration.