Diabetes drugs Flashcards
Gimepridide (Amaryl)
used for DM; when mixed with alcohol, a disulfiram-like reaction occurs; includes flushing, palpatations and nuasea; alcohol can also potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of the medication.
Exenatide )Byetta)
an incretin mimetic used for type 2 dDM only.
Desmopressin acetate
used in Diabetes insipidis; promotes renal conseration of water; a hormone that carries out the action by acting on the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase their permability to water, which results in increased water reabsorption; therapeutic effect is to decrease urine output.
common AEs of desmopressin acetate
Overhydration or hyponatremia; manifested by drowsiness, lislessness, headache. alos maybe decreased urination, rapid weight gain, confusion, seizures and como due to overhydration.
Ethambutol
a bacteriostatic antimicrobacterial med used to treat tuberculosis;causes optic neuritis, which deceass visual acuity and ability to discriminate b/n red and green; taken with food if GI upset occurs; impaired hearing results from antitbercular therapy with sreptomycin not thambutol.
Theophyline
A methylxanthine bronchodilator; must limit intakeof xanthin-containing foods: coffe, cola, chocolate
rifabutin (ycobutin)
used for active mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease and tuberculosis; inhibits mycobacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and suppresses protein synthesis; SE;: rash, GI distrubances, neutropenia, red0orange colered secretions, uveitis (blurred vision and eye pain), myositis, arthralgia, hepatitis, chest pain with dyspnea, flu-like syndrome.
Procainamide (Procanbid)
used for cardiac dysrhytmias; signs of toxicity: confustion, diziness, drowsiness, decreased urination, nausea, vomiting, tachydysrhythmias; if pt complains of dizziness, nurse should asess vital signs first.
Tissue plasminogen activator
A thrombolytic used with acute MI; Hemorrhage is a coplication with any thrombolytic med; pt is montiored for bleeding.
Concerns with thyazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide
Because they are sulf-based, sulfa allergy is contraindicated; puts pt at risk for hypkalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia.
Nicotinic acid
Lipid-lowering medication; can cause liver abnormalities and shouldnt be taken in conjunction with other lipid-lowering meds; can cause flushing so should be taken with ibuprofin to decrease this side effect.
Nalidixic acid (NegGram)
Used for UTIs; can intensify effecto of PO anticoagulants by displacing them from binding sites on plasma protein; when an oral anticoagulant is combined with nalidixic acid, a decrease in anticoagulant dosage may be needed.
