Endocrine disorders Flashcards
Hypoparathyroidism
S/Sx: tetany, hypertonia, tremor, seizure, bronchospasm, dysphagia, paresthesia, photophobia, Chvostek, Trousseau
Labs: low Ca, high Ph, high bone density
Grave’s Disease
hyperthyroidism caused by autoimmune processes
S/Sx: difficulty sleeping, anxiety, diarrhea, heat intolerance, increased appetite, weight loss
Addison’s disease diet
high protein, carb, sodium. Low potassium
Addison’s disease treatment
hydrocortisone
SIADH electrolyte imbalances
hyponatremia, hypochloremia
SIADH signs and symptoms
low and soaked, large
- polydipsia
- decreased UO
- increased weight gain
- N/V
- fluid overload
- Urine SG > 1.030
DI signs and symptoms
high and dry, thin
- hypotension, tachycardia
- polydipsia
- polyuria
- weight loss
- N/V
- dry mucosa, dehydration
- urine SG < 1.010
DI electrolyte imbalances
hypernatremia
DI treatment
desmopressin, carbamazepine, HCTZ, indomethacin
diet: low sodium, low protein
Hypothyroidism S/Sx
fatigue, depression, irritability
thin hair, brittle nails, cool and dry skin
peripheral edema
bradycardia
weight gain
constipation
HIGH TSH, LOW T3/T4
Hypothyroidism medications
levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Myxedema coma treatment
IV T3/T4 + hydrocortisone
symptomatic management & fluid balance
Hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms
hair loss, smooth skin
heat intolerance
clubbing, protruding eyes, insomnia
weight loss, amenorrhea
diarrhea
goiter
LOW TSH, HIGH T3/T4
Thyroid storm treatment
- fever management
- oxygenation
- IV dextrose
- hyperthyroidism meds
- hydrocortisone, dexamethasone
- iodide
- beta blocker
thyroid storm signs and symptoms
fever, tachycardia, diaphoresis, HTN, cardiac issues, LOC changes
Hypoparathyroidism signs and symptoms
hypocalcemia - long QT, bradycardia, V-tach, tetany, muscle spasms, dysphagia, +Chovstek/Trousseu
Hyperparathyroidism sign and symptoms
fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, N/V, hypertension
hypercalcemia - long QT interval, bradycardia
Hypercalcemic crisis treatment
rehydration w/ isotonic NS
calcitonin + corticosteroids
bisphosponates
Hypoparathyroidism treatment
calcium gluconate
parathormone
diet: high calcium, low phosphate, vitamin D
Addison disease signs and symptoms
fatigue, diarrhea, skin pigmentation, hypotension, salt-craving, confusion
Addison disease electrolyte imbalance
hypoglycemia, hyponatremia
hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia
Cushing disease signs and symptoms
muscle fatigue, water retention, purple striae, hypertension, Cushingoid appearance, osteoporosis, hirsutism
Cushing disease electrolyte imbalances
hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia
Addison disease diet
high salt and protein, increase fiber, low potassium
Pheochromocytoma
excess catecholamine (epinephrine/norepinephrine) secretion d/t adrenal medulla dysfunction
S/Sx: headache, diaphoresis, palpitations
3Hs: hypertension, headache, hyperhidrosis, hypermetabolism, hyperglycemia
Pheochromocytoma treatment
HTN medications, catecholamine inhibitors, corticosteroids
Hypertensive crisis medications
nicardipine/nitroprusside.
lidocaine
