Endocrine control of metabolism Flashcards
Overview of energy metabolism
Fatty acids, Amino acids, glucose, lactate, ketone bodies eventually become Acetyl CoA in the Citric acid cycle. the products of the TCA cycle are used for the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
What are fatty acids stored as?
Triglycerides
What is glucose stored as?
Glycogen
What are amino acids stored as?
Body proteins
What is the result of hypoglycemia?
Coma and then death
What is the brain dependent on?
Glucose metabolism
What is the result of hyperglycemia?
Protein damage via non-enzymatic glycation
The sources of glucose?
Diet and organs that can export glucose into the circulation
What stops plasma glucose concentration from surging?
Hormones regulate the integration of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism to maintain constant
What are the 2 phases of metabolism
Storage of nutrients in the absorption phase
Release of nutrients in the fasting phase
What does insulin promote?
Storage decreases plasma glucose
What does glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol promote?
Nutrient release, raise plasma glucose
Main effects of insulin
- Uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle, adipose, and other tissues
- Glycogen synthesis in the liver, skeletal muscle
- Uptake of FA and amino acids
- Inhibits release of glucose from the liver
- inhibits fat and protein breakdown
Glucagon
Principle affects in the liver: stimulates hepatic glucose production
Adrenaline
Stimulates hepatic glucose production
Stimulates lipolysis: the release of FA from adipose tissue stores
