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Physiology :Endocrine > An introduction to the endocrine system > Flashcards

An introduction to the endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major endocrine glands?

A 
Hypothalamus
pituitary gland
Thyroid, Adrenal cortex, gonads
Pancreas
Parathyroid glands
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2
Q

What does the hypothalamus release?

A

Releasing & inhibiting hormones

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3
Q

What does the pituitary gland release?

A

Anterior lobe- trophic hormones

Posterior lobe- oxytocin & vasopressin (ADH)

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4
Q

What does the thyroid gland release?

A

Thyroxine, tri-iodothroninr

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5
Q

What does the Adrenal release?

A

Cortex: Cortisol, aldosterone
Medulla: Adrenaline/nora adrenaline

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6
Q

What do the Gonads release?

A

Oestrogen, androgens, progestagens

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7
Q

What does the pancreas release?

A

Insulin, glucagon

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8
Q

What does the parathyroid gland release?

A

Parathyroid hormone

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9
Q

What does the Kidney release?

A

Vit D, EPO

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10
Q

What does the Pineal gland release?

A

Melatonin

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11
Q

What does the Thymus release?

A

Thymic hormones

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12
Q

What does the bone release?

A

Phosphate

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13
Q

What does adipose tissue release?

A

Leptin

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14
Q

What does Endocrine mean?

A

Hormones released by an endocrine cell into the general circulation and acting on a distant target sites

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15
Q

What does Paracrine mean?

A

Hormones released by an endocrine cell which act locally on adjacent cells

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16
Q

What does Autocrine mean?

A

Hormones released by a cell which act back on the same cell

17
Q

What does Intracrine mean?

A

Conversion of an inactive hormone to an active hormone that acts within that cell

18
Q

What hormones are needed for reproduction, growth, and development?

A

Sex steroids, thyroid hormone, prolactin, growth hormone.

19
Q

What hormones are needed for maintaining the internal environment?

A

Aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, vit D

20
Q

What hormones are needed for energy production, utilization, and storage?

A

Insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormones, cortisol, growth hormone

21
Q

What is the precursor for all steroid hormones?

A

Cholesterol

22
Q

What is the half-life of proteins and peptides?

A

Minutes and they are mainly unbound

23
Q

What is the half-life tyrosine derivatives, thyroid hormones?

A

Seconds or,

Hours (thyroid hormones) - thyroid hormones bound to plasma proteins.

24
Q

What glands are controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis?

A

Thyroid (TSH)
Adrenal cortex (ACTH)
Gonads (LH/FSH)

25
Q

What does Corticotrophin releasing hormone(CRH) do?

A

Increase ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone)

26
Q

What does the Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) do?

A

Increase TSH

27
Q

What does growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)/ Somatostatin do?

A

Decrease TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)

28
Q

What does Dopamine do?

A

Prolactin (PRL)

29
Q

What does GHRH do?

A

Increase Growth hormone

30
Q

What does GHRH stand for?

A

Growth hormone-releasing Hormone

31
Q

What does GHIH/ somastostain?

A

Decrease growth hormone

Physiology :Endocrine (12 decks)

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