Endocrine and Special Sense Physiology Flashcards
What is the anterior pituitary lobe also known as?
Adenohypophysis
What is the posterior pituitary lobe also known as?
Neurohypohysis
What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary stimulates Sertoli cells for spermatogenesis?
FSH
What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary stimulates Leydig cells in the testis to produce testosterone?
LH
What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary governs the synthesis of cortisol and pregnenolone in the adrenal cortex?
ACTH
What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary stimulates bone and tissue growth and antagonizes insulin?
GH
What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary stimulates breast development and milk production; suppresses menstruation?
Prolactin
What nucleus is Oxytocin produced by in the hypothalamus?
Paraventricular nucleus
What nucleus is ADH produced by in the hypothalamus?
Supraoptic nucleus
What cells does ADH act on in the collecting ducts of the kidneys?
Principal cells
What does a lack of ADH result in?
Diabetes insipidus
What does the Pars intermedia stimulate?
Melanin Stimulating Hormone
How much more potent is T3 than T4?
4x
What is the cause of exophthalmos, weight loss, and tremors in association to Graves Disease?
Hyperthyroidism
What is the cause of cretinism in children and myxedema in adults with weight gain, coarse hair and decreased metabolism?
Hypothyroidism
What takes calcium from the blood and puts it back into bone (“tones the bones”)?
Calcitonin
What cells of the thyroid secrete calcitonin?
Parafollicular cells
What takes calcium from the bone and puts it into the blood?
PTH
What cells is PTH secreted by?
Chief cells
What is the cause of tetany and muscle spasm?
Hypocalcemia (hypoparathyroidism)
What is the cause of muscle fatigue and depression?
Hypercalcemia (hyperparathyroidism)
What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex from superficial to deep and what do they secrete?
Zona glomerulosa - Mineralcorticoid [aldosterone (salt)]
Zona fasciculata - Glucocorticoid [cortisol (sugar)]
Zona reticularis - Androgen [pregnenolone (sex)]
What disease is caused by the destruction of the adrenal cortex?
Addison’s disease
What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Where are the endocrine cells found in the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhans
What do the alpha cells secrete in the pancreas?
Glucagon
What do the beta cells secrete in the pancreas?
Insulin
What do the delta cells secrete in the pancreas?
Somatostatin
What glucose transporter is found in erythrocytes and brain?
GLUT 1
What glucose transporter is found in the liver and beta cells?
GLUT 2
What glucose transporter is found in neurons?
GLUT 3
What glucose transporter is found in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?
GLUT 4
