Endocrine and Special Sense Physiology

Question 1

What is the anterior pituitary lobe also known as?

Answer 1

Adenohypophysis

Question 2

What is the posterior pituitary lobe also known as?

Answer 2

Neurohypohysis

Question 3

What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary stimulates Sertoli cells for spermatogenesis?

Answer 3

FSH

Question 4

What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary stimulates Leydig cells in the testis to produce testosterone?

Answer 4

LH

Question 5

What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary governs the synthesis of cortisol and pregnenolone in the adrenal cortex?

Answer 5

ACTH

Question 6

What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary stimulates bone and tissue growth and antagonizes insulin?

Answer 6

GH

Question 7

What hormone stimulated by the anterior pituitary stimulates breast development and milk production; suppresses menstruation?

Answer 7

Prolactin

Question 8

What nucleus is Oxytocin produced by in the hypothalamus?

Answer 8

Paraventricular nucleus

Question 9

What nucleus is ADH produced by in the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

Supraoptic nucleus

Question 10

What cells does ADH act on in the collecting ducts of the kidneys?

Answer 10

Principal cells

Question 11

What does a lack of ADH result in?

Answer 11

Diabetes insipidus

Question 12

What does the Pars intermedia stimulate?

Answer 12

Melanin Stimulating Hormone

Question 13

How much more potent is T3 than T4?

Answer 13

4x

Question 14

What is the cause of exophthalmos, weight loss, and tremors in association to Graves Disease?

Answer 14

Hyperthyroidism

Question 15

What is the cause of cretinism in children and myxedema in adults with weight gain, coarse hair and decreased metabolism?

Answer 15

Hypothyroidism

Question 16

What takes calcium from the blood and puts it back into bone (“tones the bones”)?

Answer 16

Calcitonin

Question 17

What cells of the thyroid secrete calcitonin?

Answer 17

Parafollicular cells

Question 18

What takes calcium from the bone and puts it into the blood?

Answer 18

PTH

Question 19

What cells is PTH secreted by?

Answer 19

Chief cells

Question 20

What is the cause of tetany and muscle spasm?

Answer 20

Hypocalcemia (hypoparathyroidism)

Question 21

What is the cause of muscle fatigue and depression?

Answer 21

Hypercalcemia (hyperparathyroidism)

Question 22

What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex from superficial to deep and what do they secrete?

Answer 22

Zona glomerulosa - Mineralcorticoid [aldosterone (salt)]
Zona fasciculata - Glucocorticoid [cortisol (sugar)]
Zona reticularis - Androgen [pregnenolone (sex)]

Question 23

What disease is caused by the destruction of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 23

Addison’s disease

Question 24

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 24

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 25

Where are the endocrine cells found in the pancreas?

Answer 25

Islets of Langerhans

Question 26

What do the alpha cells secrete in the pancreas?

Answer 26

Glucagon

Question 27

What do the beta cells secrete in the pancreas?

Answer 27

Insulin

Question 28

What do the delta cells secrete in the pancreas?

Answer 28

Somatostatin

Question 29

What glucose transporter is found in erythrocytes and brain?

Answer 29

GLUT 1

Question 30

What glucose transporter is found in the liver and beta cells?

Answer 30

GLUT 2

Question 31

What glucose transporter is found in neurons?

Answer 31

GLUT 3

Question 32

What glucose transporter is found in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?

Answer 32

GLUT 4