Endocrine and Metabolic Screening Flashcards
the _____ system works with the nervous system to regulate metabolism, water and salt balance, BP, stress response, and sexual reproduction
endocrine system
-is slower in response when compared to nervous system
the ______ and _____ form an integrated axis that maintains control over much of the endocrine system
hypothalamus and pituitary
-called psychoneuroimmunology
What are some early manifestations of thyroid/parathyroid, acromegaly, diabetes, Cushing’s syndrome, and osteomalacia
muscle weakness, myalgia, fatigue
_____ is the deposition of calcium salts in cartilage of joints
chondrocalcinosis
-MS sign of endocrine and metabolic disease
______ is the inflammation of tendons, ligaments, and joint capsule
periarthritis
-MS sign of endocrine and metabolic disease
bilateral _____ is an early sign of endocrine and metabolic disease
carpal or tarsal tunnel
Polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, decreased urine, nocturia/fatigue/irritability, and increased serum sodium all indicate _______
Diabetes Insipidus
-is a lack of secretion or vasopressin.
HA, confusion, lethargy, decreased urine, weight gain, edema, seizures, muscle cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, increased urine specific gravity, decreased serum sodium indicate ___________
syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
- results from excess or inappropriate secretion of vasopressin resulting in increased sodium retention
bony enlargements, amenorrhea, DM, profuse sweating, HTN, carpal tunnel, hand pain/stiffness, back pain, myopathy and poor exercise tolerance indicate ______
acromegaly
- result of hypersecretion of GH
- CTS in 50%
Dark pigmentation, hypotension, progressive fatigue, hyperkalemia, GI issues, anorexia, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, arthralgias, myalgias, tendon calcification, hypoglycemia indicate _______
Adrenal Insufficiency
-referred to Addison’s disease. often visible over extensor surfaces
Moonface, buffalo hump, protuberant abdomen, muscle wasting, decreased bone density, HTN, kyphosis, easy bruising, emotional disturbance, impaired reproduction, DM, slow wound healing all indicate ________
Cushing Syndrome
-generally is increased secretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids would also cause this. Overproduction of cortisol = protein catabolism.
the main hormones produced by the thyroid are _______, _________, __________
thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin
-they help regulate metabolic rate and increase protein synthesis. Alterations in levels produce changes in hair, nails, skin, eyes, vessels, nervous tissue, bone, and muscle. Fatigue and weakness are initial symptoms
increased neck size, adjacent tissue pressure, difficulty breathing, dysphagia, hoarseness all suggest _______
goiter
-often from iodine deficiency
Painless thyroid enlargement dysphagia, “tight” sensation w/ swallowing, anterior neck/shoulder/rib biomechanical changes, gland warm/tender/swollen, and fatigue/weight gain/dry hair all suggest _________
thyroiditis
-usually both sides enlarged
excessive amounts of thyroid hormone creates a generalized elevation in body metabolism. this is called ________
hyperthyroidism
- can be paired w/ chronic periarthritis.
- proximal weakness in 70%
- painful shoulder motion
- also sensitivity to light, vision loss/spasm, increased appetite, weight loss, increased peristalsis, polyuria, amenorrhea, tremors, hyperkinesia, irritability, fatigue, weakness and muscle atrophy, tachycardia, arrhythmias, increased RR, low BP
_______ is a life threatening complication of hyperthyroidism caused by it being unknown or untreated. Will see severe tachycardia, heart failure, shock, hyperthermia, restlessness, agitation, chest/abdomen pain, nausea, vomiting
thyroid storm
______ is the result of insufficient thyroid hormone creating a generalized depression in metabolism.
hypothyroidism
Slowed speech/mentation, anxiety, fatigue, increased sleep, HA, proximal muscle weakness, myalgias, TPs, CTS, paresthesias, joint edema, decreased BMD, dyspnea, pleural effusion, bradycardia, poor peripheral circulation, severe atherosclerosis, angina, HTN, anemia, myxedema, cool/dry skin, carotenosis, cold intolerance, anorexia, weight gain, decreased metabolism, infertility are all potential symptoms of _________
hypothyroidism
another name for hypothyroidism is _______
Grave’s disease
-common symptoms are myxedema, CTS, cold intolerance, excessive fatigue, dry skin
Presence of asymptomatic nodule, hoarseness, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and HTN suggest ________
Thyroid Carcinoma
female gender, age over 40, Caucasian, iodine deficiency, family history all are risk factors for _____
neoplasms of thyroid
Symptoms of lethargy, drowsiness, slow mentation, fatigue, hyperreflexia, glove/stocking sensory loss, proximal weakness, atrophy, decrease BMD, gout, arthralgia, myalgia, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, renal colic, kidney infections, hypercalcemia all suggest ________
hyperparathyroidism
-primary cause is tumor of parathyroid gland
Symptoms of personality changes, hypocalcemia (neuromuscular excitability), spasms of intercostals, positive Chvostek’s sign (facial twitch), arrhythmias, heart falure, dry skin, thin hair, brittle fingernails, nausea, vomiting, constipation all suggest _______
hypoparathyroidism
-primary cause is accidental removal or injury of parathyroid gland
__________ is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease
diabetes
-issue is glucose is not taken up in blood after meal so it accumulates creating a hyperosmotic condition
