Endocrine Anatomy

Question 1

What endocrine organs are contained in the cranial cavity?

Answer 1

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 2

What endocrine organs are contained in the neck?

Answer 2

4 parathyroid glands and thyroid gland

Question 3

What endocrine organs are found in the abdomen?

Answer 3

2 adrenal glands and the pancreas

Question 4

What endocrine organs are found in the pelvis of females?

Answer 4

Ovaries

Question 5

What endocrine organs are found in the perineum in males?

Answer 5

testes

Question 6

Which part of the brain is composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Answer 6

Diencephalon

Question 7

What structure attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

Infundibulum/pituitary stalk

Question 8

In which bone is the pituitary fossa?

Answer 8

sphenoid

Question 9

In which part of the sphenoid bone does the pituitary fossa lie?

Answer 9

sella turcica

Question 10

Which structure lies immediately superior to the pituitary gland?

Answer 10

Optic chiasm

Question 11

From what two approaches can a surgeon gain access to the pituitary gland?

Answer 11

Transcranial

Transsphenoidal

Question 12

Is the inferior nasal concha part of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 12

NO! It is a separate bone

Question 13

Which nasal conchae are formed by the ethmoid bone?

Answer 13

Superior and Middle

Question 14

What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 14

Mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa

Question 15

What structure lines the entire cranial cavity internally?

Answer 15

Dura mater

Question 16

What name is given to the tough sheet of dura mater that tents over the cerebellum and has a central gap to allow the brainstem to pass through.

Answer 16

tentorium cerebelli

Question 17

What name is given to the tough sheet of dura mater that forms a roof over the pituitary fossa?

Answer 17

Diaphragm sellae

Question 18

What name is given to dural in-foldings that act as cavities for venous blood, but aren’t anatomically veins?

Answer 18

Dural venous sinuses

Question 19

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain to?

Answer 19

Internal jugular veins

Question 20

In which cranial fossa are the jugular foraminae?

Answer 20

posterior cranial fossa

Question 21

Which dural venous sinuses surround the pituitary gland?

Answer 21

cavernous and intercavernous sinuses

Question 22

How many lobes does the thyroid gland have?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

What structure connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

Answer 23

isthmus

Question 24

Where does the isthmus lie?

Answer 24

anterior to the 2nd and 3rd cartilages of the trachea

Question 25

Where do the parathyroid glands lie?

Answer 25

on the posterior surface of the thyroid glands lateral lobes

Question 26

Where does the thyroid gland originate from in development?

Answer 26

foramen caecum

Question 27

What muscles lie anterior to the thyroid gland and are embedded in the subcutaneous tissue, attaching to the skin?

Answer 27

right and left platysma

Question 28

What cranial nerve supplies the platysma muscles?

Answer 28

CN VII

Question 29

Which fascial compartment is located posteriorly in the neck and encloses the postural neck muscles and cervical vertebrae?

Answer 29

prevertebral (deep) fascia

Question 30

Which fascia encloses the other fascial compartments of the neck as well as the sternocleidomastoids and trapezius muscles?

Answer 30

Investing fascia

Question 31

What structures are located anteriorly in the neck, enclosing the vagus nerves, deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid arteries and internal jugular veins?

Answer 31

Carotid sheath

Question 32

Which fascia encloses the oesophagus, trachea, thyroid, strap muscles and recurrent laryngeal nerves?

Answer 32

pretracheal fascia

Question 33

Which cranial nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

Answer 33

CN XI

Question 34

At what spinal level do the jugular veins bifurcate?

Answer 34

C4

Question 35

Which veins drain the thyroid gland?

Answer 35

superior, middle and inferior thyroid glands

Question 36

Which groups of lymph nodes drain the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

Answer 36

superior deep cervical lymph nodes Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes Pretracheal lymphnodes paratracheal lymphnodes

Question 37

Where does lymph from the right side of the the thyroid drain to?

Answer 37

Right lymphatic duct then right venous angle

Question 38

Where does lymph from the left side of the thyroid drain to?

Answer 38

Thoracic duct then left venous angle

Question 39

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve loop round on the right side of the body?

Answer 39

right subclavian artery

Question 40

Name the strap muscles?

Answer 40

sternohyoid omohyoid thyrohyoid

Question 41

which strap muscle is attached to the clavicle via a fascial sling?

Answer 41

omohyoid