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Pharmacology drugs of the pathologies > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Monotherapy for T2 DM what is the drug given?

A

Metformin

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2
Q

Examples of dual therapy for T2 DM?

A

Metformin + SU
Metformin + pioglitazone
Metformin + DPP4 inhibitor
Metformin + SGLT-2i

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3
Q

Examples of triple therapy for T2 DM?

A

Metformin + DPP4 inhibitor + SU
Metformin + pioglitazone + SU
Metformin + SGLT-2i + pioglitazone/SU

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4
Q

Option x2 if triple therapy doesn’t work for T2 DM?

A

Insulin

Metformin + SU + GLP 1 mimetic

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5
Q

Metformin effect on weight?

A

Lose

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6
Q

Gliclazide effect on weight?

A

Gain

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7
Q

DPP4 inhibitor effect on weight?

A

Same

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8
Q

Glitazones effect on weight?

A

Gain

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9
Q

Metformin mechanism of action?

A

Reduce gluconeogenesis (gluconeogenesis increased in T2DM as excess glucagon)

Increased glucose uptake and utilization in skeletal muscle (increase insulin sensitivity)

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10
Q

Metformin side effects?

What is rarely observed and in who specifically?

A

GI disturbances - subsequent weight loss

Rarely lactic acid in renal disease, hepatic disease, heart failure

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11
Q

Sulfonylurea (SU) - gliclazide and glipizide mechanism of action?

A

Stimulate B cells to secrete insulin

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12
Q

SU contraindication and why?

A

Pregnancy and breastfeeding as can cross placenta so may cause hypoglycemia in newborns.

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13
Q

Sulfonylurea side effects x2?

A

Hypoglycemia and weight gain as stimulates the appetite.

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14
Q

DPP4 inhibitor example?

A

Sitagliptin

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15
Q

DPP4 inhibitors mechanism of action?

A

Inhibit DPP4 so increased effect of incretins such as GLP-1 and GIP which will stimulate insulin secretion

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16
Q

What are incretins?

A

Group of hormones released after eating and augment secretion of insulin

17
Q

Glitazone example?

A

Pioglitazone

18
Q

Glitazone mechanism of action

A

Enhance uptake of fatty acids and glucose by increasing sensitivity to insulin

19
Q

Glitazone side effects? x2

A

Fluid retention - may worsen heart failure

Weight gain - fluid retention and fat gain

20
Q

Metformin effect on weight?

A

Lost

21
Q

Sulfonylurea such as gliclazide effect on weight?

A

Gain

22
Q

DPP4 inhibitors effect on weight?

A

No change

23
Q

Glitazones effect on weight?

A

Gain

Pharmacology drugs of the pathologies (4 decks)

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