Endocrine

Question 1

What is Negetive feedback?

Answer 1

It is a response in a way to reverse the direction of change. It is the most common form of feedback in physiological system.

Question 2

What is positive feedback?

Answer 2

A response in a way so as to change the variable even more in the direction of the change . (Rare, few examples )

Used when rapid change in desirable. E.g. blood clotting, ovulation.

Question 3

Name the two hormones released from the posterior pituitary gland.

Answer 3

Oxytocin - milk let down and uterus contraction.

Antidiuretic hormone - regulation of water volume

Question 4

Where is the thyroid stimulating hormone released and what is its function?

Answer 4

Anterior pituitary gland.

Responsible for stimulating thyroid glands to secrete thyroid hormone.

Question 5

Where is the Adrenoticoyropic hormone released and what is its role?

Answer 5

Anterior pituitary gland.

Responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex to release hormones.

Question 6

Where is the Luteinising hormone released ?

Answer 6

Anterior pituitary gland.

Stimulating the ovaries to ovulate and secretion of sex hormones.

Question 7

Where is the follicle stimulating hormone released and what is its biological role?

Answer 7

Anterior pituitary gland.

Development of eggs and sperm

Question 8

Where is the growth hormone released and what is its biological role?

Answer 8

Anterior pituitary gland.

Growth and energy metabolism. Stimulates IGFs.

Question 9

Where is prolactin released and what is its biological role?

Answer 9

Anterior pituitary gland.

Stimulates the mammary gland for the development of milk.

Question 10

What is the normal blood osmolarity range?

Answer 10

257 and 295 mOsm/kg

Question 11

What classification of hormones are ; insulin, glucagon and growth hormone?

Answer 11

Peptide/polypeptide

• largest group
• short chains of amino acids
• water soluble

Question 12

Name 4 hormones that are Amines.

Answer 12

Adrenaline

Noradrenaline

Thyroid hormone

Melatonin

Question 13

Name 3 Glycoproteins.

Answer 13

Luteinizing hormone

Follicle stimulating hormone

thyroid stimulating hormone

THEY ARE ALL WATER SOLUBLE

Question 14

Name 3 steroids

Answer 14

Cortisol

Aldosterone

Testosterone

Question 15

What are hormones?

Answer 15

Hormones are chemical signals produced in endocrine glands or tissue that travel in the bloodstream to cause an effect on other tissue.

Question 16

Where is stimuli received?

Answer 16

At receptors

E.g. chemoreceptors

Thermoreceptors

Question 17

Autocrine is when………..

Answer 17

Hormone signal acts back on the cell of origin

Question 18

Paracrine is when…….

Answer 18

Hormone signal is carried to adjacent cells over a short distance.

Question 19

Endocrine is when……..

Answer 19

Hormone signal released into bloodstream and carried to distant target cells.

Question 20

Neurocrine is when………

Answer 20

Hormone originates in neurone and after transport down axon released in bloodstream and carried to distant target cells.