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Nursing 3 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

regulates metabolic process related to growth

A

growth hormone (Somatotropin)

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2
Q

stimulates thyroid hormone secretion

A

TSH

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3
Q

stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids and androgens

A

adrenal-corticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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4
Q

stimulates secretion of estrogen, stimulates follicle maturation in ovaries, also critical for sperm production in males

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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5
Q

stimulates secretion of androgens in males and progesterone in females

A

luteinizing hormone (LH) and interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

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6
Q

stimulates secretion of prolactin, which stimulates the secretion of milk during lactation

A

prolactin releasing hormone

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7
Q

stimulates skin pigmentation

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone

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8
Q

involved with pleasure during exercise and the alleviate of pain

A

beta endorphins

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9
Q

promotes water reabsorption back into blood, decreases urine output

A

antidiuretic hormone

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10
Q

stimulates uterine contractions and breast milk let down reflex

A

oxytocin

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11
Q

regulate metabolic rate of all cells, body heat production, protein, fat and carb catabolism in all cells

A

Thyroxine (T4)

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12
Q

stimulates bone ossification and development

A

triiodothyronine (T3)

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13
Q

regulates serum calcium levels and excretion of phosphorus

A

parathyroid hormone

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14
Q

increases sodium reabsorption and increases potassium and hydrogen ion excretion in the kidneys

A

aldosterone

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15
Q

stimulate bone development and secondary sexual characteristics

A

androgens

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16
Q

stimulates anti inflammatory reactions and protest from harmful stress responses

A

cortisol

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17
Q

activates sympathetic nervous system, stimulates increase in BP and blood glucose levels

A

epinephrine

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18
Q

born with normal weight and length. below 3rd percentile by age 1 and grows less than 5cm a year.

A

Growth Hormone deficiency (GHD)

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19
Q

manifestation so growth hormone deficiency

A

hypoglycemic seizures, hyponatremia, neonatal jaundice, micropenis, undescended tests in infants

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20
Q

cherubic look, high pitched voice, decreased muscle mass, and delayed sexual maturation

A

GHD

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21
Q

causes of GHD

A

infections (eg. sickle cell disease), tumors, trauma, cranial irradiation, chemotherapy, emotional deprivation

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22
Q

excessive secretion of GH. rare in childhood. tumor in hypothalamus. may grow to 7-8 feet if occurs before end of growth and acromegaly if occurs after growth

A

GH excess/hyperpitiutarism

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23
Q

lack of ADH or inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH. urine cannot be concentrated. Large volume of dilute urine (polyuria) which leads to polydipsia

A

diabetes insipidus (DI)

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24
Q

Types of DI: neurogenic (central) due to ADH deficiency, familiar or idiopathic. Treat with?

A

desmopressin

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25
Q

Types of DI: nephrogenic due to decreased responsiveness of kidneys to ADH or may be inherited or acquired. Treat with?

A

diuretics, high fluid volume, salt and protein restricted diet

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26
Q

polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, fever, irritability, mental status changes ASSESS FOR DEHYDRATION

A

diabetes insipidus

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27
Q

Diagnosis for? Dehydration episode, serum electrolytes (increased sodium and serum osmolality), urine analysis for specific gravity, CT/MRI to detect tumor, confirmation is done through a fluid deprivation test

A

Diabetes Insipidus

28
Q

characterized by excessive ADH in serum. Seen in children with CNS infections, brain tumors, brain trauma, pulmonary disorders and those who received positive pressure ventilation

A

SIADH

29
Q

water intoxication, hyponatremia, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, weight gain, elevated BP, distended jugular veins, lung crackles, cerebral edema, concentrated urine with decreased output

A

SIADH

30
Q

treatments for SIADH

A

diuretics, hypertonic IV fluids, demeclocycline to counteract the effect ADH

31
Q

appearance of sexual characteristics before age 8

A

precocious puberty

32
Q

idiopathic early secretion of hormones, external steroids or estrogen use, tumors of the ovary or adrenal gland , McCune-Albright syndrome

A

causes of precocious puberty

33
Q

thelarche

A

breast development

34
Q

menarche

A

vaginal bleeding without other signs of sexual development

35
Q

adrenarche

A

pubic and axillary hair

36
Q

active thyroid hormones are decreased

A

hypothyroidism

37
Q

jaundice, thick tongue, hypotonia, umbilical hernia, hoarse cry, dry skin, constipation, large fontanelles

A

signs of hypothyroidism

38
Q

what do children with hypothyroidism have

A

decreased appetite, dry cool skin, thinning hair or hair loss, depressed deep tendon reflexes, bradycardia, constipation, cold sensitivity, abnormal menses, goiter

39
Q

manifestations unique to children with hypothyroidism

A

changes in past normal growth patterns, increased weight, decreased height velocity, delayed bone and dental age, hypotonia with poor muscle tone, delayed or precocious puberty

40
Q

most common cause is an autoimmune disorder called Graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism

41
Q

life threatening emergency resulting from extreme hyperthyroidism. elevated circulating levels of TH result in a hyper metabolic state.

A

thyrotoxicosis (thyroid crisis or thyroid storm)

42
Q

signs of thyrotoxicosis

A

muscle weakness, diaphoresis, tachycardia, tremor, palpitations, diarrhea, irritability, nervousness, and anxiety

43
Q

preferred medication for thyrotoxicosis and the one that has severe liver damage

A

Methimazole. Propylthiouracil

44
Q

if parathyroid gland is removed what do you have to give

A

a calcium supplement. hyper is too much calcium and hypo not enough

45
Q

positive Chvostek sign, calcium and Vet D supplements are needed.

A

hypoparathyroidism

46
Q

excessive blood levels of glucocorticoids usually caused by pituitary tumor

A

cushing syndrome

47
Q

extended use of topical steroid for the treatment of diaper dermatitis in infants and young children may cause

A

Cushing syndrome

48
Q

weight gain, moon face, hirsutism, acne, voice deepening, hypertension

A

Cushings

49
Q

insufficient production of aldosterone and cortisol and an overproduction of androgen.

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

50
Q

recurrent vomiting, dehydration, weakness, metabolic acidosis, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. Lifelong use of glucocorticoids

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

51
Q

Failure of adrenal glands to develop. Deficiency of glucocorticoids (cortisone), and aldosterone. Causes include autoimmune process infection, hemorrhage, medication use, and metastatic cancer

A

Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s disease)

52
Q

signs of Addison’s (adrenal insufficiency)

A

weakness, fatigue, GI symptoms, salt cravings, hypoglycemia, hyperpigmentation. Stress and disease aggravates it

53
Q

what is given for aldosterone deficiency

A

Fludrocortison acetate (Florinef) and oral glucocorticoid such as hydrocortisone, prednisone, or dexamethasone

54
Q

adrenal crisis can be caused by

A

infection, surgery, trauma, vomiting, diarrhea

55
Q

treatment for adrenal crisis

A

aggressive fluid resuscitation, IV glucose, IV glucocorticoids such as hydrocortisone. Increased doses of steroids during periods of increased physiological stress,

56
Q

tumor of the adrenal gland. hypertension, palpitation, sweating, tremors

A

pheochromocytoma

57
Q

Study insulin DM and DKA

A

ok

58
Q

90% of fetus are miscarried, short 4th toe, short fingers, delayed growth and puberty, hormone replacements

A

turner sydnrome

59
Q

extra X chromosome in boys, delayed puberty, small firm testes, less facial and body hair, developmental delays. Goal is to stimulate masculinization, testosterone replacement at puberty

A

Kilinefelter syndrome

60
Q

deficiency of enzyme, accumulation of phenylalanine causes a musty body and urine odor, irritability, vomiting, eczema, low protein diet and special formula

A

PKU

61
Q

deficiency of an enzyme needed to convert galactose to glucose

A

Galactosemia

62
Q

early signs are poor sucking, no weight gain due to vomiting and diarrhea, untreated can lead to death in one month, diagnosed through newborn screening

A

galactosemia

63
Q

malfunction of mitochondria (powerhouse) results in inability to produce energy and maintain metabolic regulation. Frequent meals, hydration, complex carbs, protein before bed to prevent hypoglycemia

A

mitochondrial disease

64
Q

disorder of amino acid metabolism where amino acids responsible for formation of hair, skin, and muscle are affected and cannot be metabolized. poor sucking and irregular respirations and rigidity seen at 5-7 days of life. ketosis and sweet smell may be present in urine

A

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

65
Q

another name for hypopituitarism

A

growth hormone deficiency

66
Q

lab findings for those with SIADH

A

high urine osmolality, elevated specific gravity, low serum osmolality, low serum sodium, and decreased BUN

67
Q

Meds for SIADH

A

diuretics, demeclocycline, and hypertonic saline salution

Nursing 3 (5 decks)

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