Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Nursing > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Pharmacology flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Adult Health flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards
1
Q

What is diabetes mellitus in dogs?

A

Type one response genetic reduction in the number and size of pancreatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is diabetes mellitus in cats?

A

More likely to be type 2 and transient
Can correct with diet
Insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What should be considered when advising a diabetic client?

A

Dosing of lente insulin can take a long time to get right
Strict diet and exercise regime
Know the signs of hypoglycaemia
Have a diary as to when to give insulin must be given at the same time each day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the standard dose of lente insulin used for dogs?

A

0.25-0.5mg/kg Iv/sc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How regularly should check ups be made?

A

Once a month initially then one every three months then once every 6 months glucose curve is run to determine insulin effectiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the clinical signs of hypoglycemia?

A

Lethargy weakness seizures coma ataxia give maple syrup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a somogi over swing?

A

When insulin dose is too high will cause the release of glucagon and epinephrine creates hyperglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is canine hypothyroidism and what are the clinical signs?

A 
Lack of production of the thyroid hormones T4(thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) 
Alopecia 
Pyoderma
Lethargy 
Weight gain 
Cold intolerance
Hypercholesterolomia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the tests that can be used to test from hypothyroidism?

A

Total T4 usually high
CTSH high loss of negative feedback
Free T4 low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

Sodium levothryoxine
Therapeutic monitoring 6-8 weeks after initial dose
Evaluate clinical response(further tests)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is thyrotoxicosis

A 
Excess production of the thyroid hormones 
Clinical signs include 
Panting
Anxiety 
Aggression
PUPD 
Stupor 
Coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A 
Over production of the thyroid hormones 
Clinical signs include 
Weight loss 
Aggression 
PUPD 
Goitre 
Increased metabolic rate (HR BP GI motility CNS activity) 
Secondary hypertrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What diagnositics should be used to look at the hyperthyroid cat?

A

Full health screen heam, biochem, urinalysis, look for any concurrent disease
Total T4 low free T4 high cTSH low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What treatment options are there for hyperthyroidism?

A

Medical management
Low iodine diet, anti-thyroid drugs (flemizole, vidalta)
Surgical management
Removal of the thyroid gland
Stabilise prior to surgery (tachycardia, renal insufficiency)
Preserve paraythyroid tissue
Possible recurrence monitor for hypocalcemia
Radioactive iodine expensive but curative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is hyperadrenocortisim and what are the three types?

A

Cushings excessive production of cortisol
Pituitary
Excessive production ACTH stimulates excessive cortisol production
Adrenal
Excessive production of cortisol suppresses ACTH
Iatrogenic
Excessive use of glucocorticoids suppresses ACTH and CRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical features of hyperadrenocortism?

A 
Pot bellied 
Alopecia 
Median age 
Exercise intolerance 
Polyphagia
Panting
17
Q

What are the diagnostic tests used?

A

Biochem increased ALP, ALT and cholesterol
Urinalysis
Glycosuria
ACTH
Measure serum cortisol one hour before and after administration cortisol levels above 600nmol is abnormal after injection
Low dose dexmethasone
Measure serum cortisol before at 3 and 8 hours normal is a prolonged suppression of cortisol

18
Q

What treatment options are suited for cushings?

A

Tilostane once daily with food
Surgery
Delayed healing, pulmonary thromboembolism, risk of haemorrhage
Will get hypocortisism post surgery steroid supplementation monitor electrolytes

19
Q

Hypoadrenocortisim what is it and what are the clinical signs?

A 
Lack of production of cortisol and minearlcoticoid production 
Loss aldersterone 
Clinical signs 
Middle age females
Lethargy 
Anorexia 
PUPD 
Vomiting 
D++
Muscle cramps
20
Q

What is addisons crisis?

A

Hypovolaemia
Pre-renal azotemia
Cardiac arrhythmia (Brady)
Low levels of cortisol

21
Q

What test is used to diagnose addisons?

A

ACTH stim test

Both below 20nmol do not give glucocorticoids before test as they react with cortisol

22
Q

What are the treatment options?

A

Iv fluids for shock
Hydrocortisone or dexmethasone every 6 hours
Dextrose if hypoglycaemic
Iv calcium gluconate stabilise myocardial cells

23
Q

What is phaeochromocytoma?

A

Tumour of the adrenal medulla

Produces catecholamines

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of phaeochromocytoma?

A 
Generalise weakness 
Collapse 
Panting 
Tachycardia 
Muscle waste 
Hypertension
25
Q

What are the treatment options for phaeochromocytoma?

A

Medical
Phenoxybenzamine 2-3 weeks prior to surgery if persistent tachycardia give popanolol
Surgery
Surges of catecholamines, hypertension, arrhythmia, arrest

26
Q

What do parathyroid tumours cause?

A

Secrete PTH to increase calcium seen in older dogs

Increase calcium and decreased renal function

27
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with parathyroid tumours?

A

Hypercalcemia
PUPD
Mass on u/s

28
Q

What are the treatment options for a parathyroid tumour?

A

Surgery
Diuresis for high calcium ivft saline surgical removal
Postop
Hypocalcemia (Muscle twitching, seizures, facial prurutis)
Monitor renal function
5-7days risk hypocalcemia

29
Q

What is and insulinoma?

A

A tumour of the pancreas aggressive secretes insulin hypoglycaemia

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of and insulinoma?

A 
Weakness
Muscle tremors 
Ataxia 
Seizures 
Coma
31
Q

How do you diagnose and insulinoma?

A 
Hypoglycemia 
Wipples triad
(Clinical signs, fasting blood glucose below 2.2mmol/l improvement in signs following feeding)
Increased serum insulin 
U/s CT for metastasis
32
Q

How do you treat and insulinoma?

A

Medical
Frequent meals, glucocorticoids, prednisalone, diazoxide
Surgical
Removal of nodule partial pancreatmoty monitor glucose pre-op 5% dextrose infusion

Medical Nursing (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions