Endocrine Flashcards
Peptide hormones
Solubility
Mechanism of action
How it’s made
Examples
Water soluble
Receptor - 2nd messenger
Cleaved twice to become an active hormone
FLAT PiG ADH, oxytocin PTH Insulin, glucagon Calcitonin
Calcitonin
Where
Solubility
Type
Function
Thyroid
Water soluble
Peptide hormone
Decrease osteoclasts activity
C-cells of the thyroid
ADH
Posterior pituitary hormone
Made in hypothalamus
Water soluble
Peptide hormone
Increase blood pressure by increasing the reabsorption of water in the distal tube
Prolactin
Milk production
Anterior pituitary
Peptide
Water soluble
PTH
Parathyroid
Water soluble: Peptide
Antagonistic to calcitonin
Increase osteoclasts activity. Increase Ca2+ in the blood
Renal reabsorption of Ca2+ and PO4- excretion
Increase in steroid production from vitamin D in the kidneys
Oxytocin
Made in the hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary
Peptide
Water soluble
Bonding hormone. Milk ejection
Labor contraction
Mineralcorticoid aka aldosterone
Adrenal Cortex
Steroid: Fat soluble
Travel in lipoprotein to get distributed throughout the blood
Water balance
Increase hydrostatic pressure through reabsorption of Na+. Increase plasma volume without affecting the molarity
Glucocorticoids aka cortisol
Steroid: fat soluble
Adrenal cortex
Long term chronic Stress
Glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Breakdown fatty acids for energy
Increase protein in liver
Decrease non-hepatic proteins
Steroid hormones
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Progesterone
Estrogen
Testosterone
T1 2 3
Tyrosine hormones
Solubility
Examples
Where
Water or fat soluble - depends
Thyroid and adrenal medulla
T1, T2, T3
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
T3 and T4
Type
Solubility
Where
Function
Tyrosine hormone
Steroid: fat soluble
Follicular cells of the thyroid in response to TSH
Thyroid
Increase basal metabolism
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Water soluble (polar)
Adrenal medulla
Shot term: immediate stress
Vasoconstrictor of internal organs and skin
Vasodilator of skeletal muscles
Specificity and rate of effect of polar hormones vs non polar hormones
How does half life differ?
How does the nature of their mechanisms affect the speed and specificity?
Polar: specific, fast and fleeting
Non-polar: General, slow and sustained
Polar hormones readily dissolve in water
Have short half life - Conc change min by min
Nature of mechanism is fast (2nd msg)
Non-polar hormones need lipoprotein
Have long half life - conc change hr by hr
Nature of mechanism - transcription
Can get absorbed in the fatty tissue
Why do fat soluble hormones/steroid hormones have a latent response?
Strong affinity to binding proteins in the plasma and the nucleus
Increase in the duration of the effect
Insulin
Peptide
Polar
Decrease blood glucose
Beta cells of the pancreas
Receptor, 2nd msg, cascade
