endocrine Flashcards
Patient with hypercalcemia with a h/o breast cancer with back pain that shows lytic lesions. Which is responsible for hypercalcemia?
cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF
16 YOF presents with complains of changes in physical appearance. Dark hear around nipples and umbilicus and menstrual cycles have been always irregular. CMP is normal and only 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone is elevated. what hormone deficiency does she have?
21-hydroxylase-deficiency.
femalte patient with a thyroid nodule that is NT w/out any symptoms with a normal TSH, FNA will show what pathology most likely?
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (70%)
What is the treatment of DKA?
restore intravascular volume using normal saline, insulin, correct electrolyte abnormalities, and antibiotics
65 YOM diabetic with acute MI and cardiogenic shock with acute renal failure and GI bleed has labs that show low T3 but normal T4 and TSH. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Sick euthyroid syndrome. Caloric deprivation and an increase in cytokine levels.
Pituitary adenoma, pancreatic islet cell tumor and hyperparathyroidism
MEN type 1 (3 P’s)
Medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and primary parathyroid hyperplasia
MEN type 2a
Medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and mucosal neuromas and marfanoid habitus
MEN type 2b
patient presents with proximal muscle weakness, myalgias, and elevated serum CK. she also has decreased bilateral ankle reflexes. What is the next step in management?
TSH
What are the major side effects of antithyroid drugs?
allergic reaction and agranulocytosis
What is most likely to be decreased in a patient with DKA and infection?
Total body potassium stores because even though the serum K might be elevated it is because acidemia and decreased insulin activity redistribute K to the extracellular fluid compartment.
What is the treatment for central DI?
Intranasal desmopressin acetate
What is the treatment for nephrogenic DI?
Indomethacin or hydrochlorothiazide. Amiloride is used for Lithium induced DI.
What is the treatment of SIADH?
Demeclocycline which is an ADH inhibitor.
What is the treatment of a patient with typical paroxysm pheochromocytoma?
labetalol or alpha blocker alone first then beta blocker. If beta blocker given first it will increase the blood pressure since there is no alpha inhibition.
