Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 2 > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Chest pain upon exertion

A

Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Worsening angina that occurs at rest

A

Unstable angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment for unstable Angina

A

Aspirin or glycoprotein inhibitor, heparin, oxygen, nitroglycerin, and beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the lap work for and Mi

A

CBC, troponin, CPK – MB,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment for an acute myocardial infarction

A

Give the oxygen aspirin, glycoprotein inhibitor, beta blocker, nitroglycerin, morphine, consider Thrombolysis or angioplasty patient presents and initial 12 hours; Heparin should be administered for up to 48 hours to reduce the risk off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ECG changes in v2, v3, v4

A

Anterior infarct, left anterior descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ECG changes in v1, v2, v3

A

Septal infarct; left anterior descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Leads II, III, aVF

A

Inferior infarct; posterior descending or marginal branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

I, aVL, V4, V5, V6

A

Lateral infarct; left anterior descending or circumflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

V1, v2

A

Posterior infarct; posterior descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Delta wave before that QRS complex

A

Wolff – Parkinson – White syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patient with atrial fibrillation you must do ECG before doing a cardioversion. WHY?

A

You want to rule out a mural thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Torsades de pointes is a ventricular tachycardia with a sine wave morphology.

A

You can use Magnesium to treat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Austin Flint murmur, quincke’s sign

A

Aortic regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Patient shows up with pleuritic chest pain upon inspiration with pulsus paradoxus, and global ST elevation with PR depression

A

acute pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and distended neck veins

A

Cardiac tamponade, perform urgent pericardiocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normotensive patient with a reading of >140/>90 recheck when?

A

In 2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Leg pain with activity that improves with rest

A

Peripheral vascular disease-arterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Young patient with arthritis, fever, neuropathy, ulcers, purpura, etc. p-ANCA positive and associated with hepatitis B Or C

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Female with new onset of headache that is in the temporal region with jaw claudication and vision disturbances, and possible polymyalgia rheumatica.

A

Temporal arteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Young women with fever and malaise of asian heritage. Affected aorta and its branches

A

Takayasus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Asthmatic symptoms with an erythematous rash p-ANCA positive.

A

Churg-strauss disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Young child with abdominal pain and a recent URI with palpable purpura

A

Henoch-schonlein purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Young child with fever, lymphadenopathy, conjunctival lesions, rash, and desquamation of hands and feet.

A

Kawasaki - coronary artery involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Patient with symptoms of pericarditis, anemia, and increased BUN

A

Uremic pericarditis, hemodialysis is recommended unless contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Not papable point of maximum impulse, water bottle shaped mediastinum on x-ray and recent upper respiratory infection

A

Pericardial effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

PSVT are relieved generally by cold water immersion or vagal maneuvers. What is the mechanism?

A

AV node conductivity decreases by increasing the vagal tone.

28
Q

Patient after an MI starts feeling symptoms of a cold leg unilateral. What is the reason for it? What studies should be pursued?

A

Reason is a thrombus from the akinetic heart muscle that has embolized in the LE. The choice of study would be an ECHO to rule out or confirm the thrombus in the left ventricle.

29
Q

What does a prolonged QRS interval mean?

A

Bundle branch block can suggest a bradyarrythmia.

30
Q

If the patient has a narrow complex tachycardia what is the next step of management?

A

If the patient is hemodinamically unstable, do immediate DC cardioversion.

31
Q

What is the best management in patients with prolonged tachysystolic atrial fibrillation?

A

rate or rhythm control.

32
Q

When the patient presents with a STEMI what intervention will most improve the long term prognosis?

A

Restore coronary blood flow (PTCA or fibrinolysis)

33
Q

A patient with suspected aortic dissection. What test is preferrable?

A

Transesophageal echocardiography

34
Q

When a patient has a right ventricular infarct what is the best next step in management?

A

IV fluid resusciation and stop nitrates or beta blockers because they decrease the venous return to the heart.

35
Q

A patient with PEA needs

A

CPR! Chest compressions!

36
Q

What are unfavorable effects of thiazides?

A

dyslipidemias, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia and hyperuremia.

37
Q

heart murmur at the left lower sternal border that decreases with an increase in preload.

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Autosomal Dominant)

38
Q

By what mechanism do statins produce myopathy?

A

Synthetic reaction inhibition. The inhibition of the enzyme also applies to other molecules.

39
Q

If a patient has Afib a lot of things to consider. If hemodynamically unstable? if stable with afib for less than 48hr? >48hr?

A

If pt is unstable = cardioversion
If pt stable with >48hr rate control with beta blocker or calcium channel blocker
If pt stable with <48hr electrical or pharmacological cardioversion appropriate.

40
Q

dipyridamole injection produces inhomogenesity distribution of blood flow in a patient with angina pectoris.

A

Coronary steal

41
Q

What factor is the most significant in reducing aortic aneurysm enlargement?

A

Smoking cessation

42
Q

How does nitroglycerin relieve retrosternal chest pain?

A

Capacitance of the vessels reducing preload

43
Q

Which medication should a patient get after a Percutaneous coronary intervention?

A

Aspirin, beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors, statin, and clopidogrel.

44
Q

Electrical alternans - amplitude of QRS alternating.

A

Cardiac tamponade

45
Q

What are the symptoms of digoxin toxicity?

A

nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, confusion, weakness, visual problems.

46
Q

Which most likely increases murmur intensity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Vasalva maneuver - decreases preload

47
Q

What explains edema in patients with uncontrolled poor COPD?

A

Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (pulmonary hypertension)

48
Q

What cardiac condition are marfanoid patients most susceptible to?

A

Aortic dissection - can cause an early diastolic murmur (aortic regurgitation)

49
Q

What drug do you use to treat Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome?

A

Procainamide. AVOID Calcium channel blockers, digoxin, or adenosine.

50
Q

Hypertension that doesn’t resolve with medications

A

renal artery stenosis

51
Q

DOC for exertional angina and hypertension?

A

beta blocker

52
Q

How do you DX malignant hypertension?

A

> 200/140 and papilledema

53
Q

How to treat premature atrial beats?

A

No treatment - benign

54
Q

Which treatment is best in young patients with a PMH of Rheumatic fever and a murmur?

A

Penicillin

55
Q

What is the 1st step in management after an aortic dissection is suspected?

A

Antihypertensive TX then after transesophageal echocardiogram

56
Q

Hearing impairment, syncopal episode w/out disorientation, and QT prolongation?

A

Jervell-Lange-Nielson syndrome (ion channel defect). TX is beta blocker

57
Q

What are the changes in renin, aldosterone, and bicarbonate in Conn’s syndrome?

A

Elevated aldosterone and bicarb.
Decreased plasma renin.
Bicarb is elevated because potassium and hydrogen ions are secreted.

58
Q

How does nitroglycerin relieve retrosternal chest pain?

A

Dilates capacitance vessels causing decreased preload

59
Q

What finding is most likely in an echo of a young patient with a recent URI and with symptoms of CHF?

A

Dilated ventricles with diffuse hypokinesia

60
Q

Which medication is contraindicated in STEMI patients?

A

Nifedipine because of the reflex tachycardia

61
Q

What would the administration of lidocaine in a patient with acute coronary syndrome result?

A

Increase in the risk of asystole. Lidocaine is useful to treat ventricular arrhythmias

62
Q

Which medication causes patients to have a heart rate increase and a increased QRS complex duration during a stress test?

A

Flecainide Class IC antiarrhythmics. The reason is because they elongate the period of depolarization by blocking sodium channels.

63
Q

What is the most likely cause of LE edema in a older patient that has been eating less food (poor nutrition)?

A

most likely will be decreased plasma oncotic pressure due to decreased albumin

64
Q

Which is the most likely diagnosis in a 37 yoF from a 3rd world country experiencing acute left-sided weakness with a progressive extertional dyspnea, nocturnal cough and occasional hemoptysis, palpitations, and irregular heart beats.

A

Mitral stenosis (rheumatic fever)

65
Q

What accounts for patient’s symptoms of atrial flutter? (palpitations, chest pain, sob, and lightheadedness)

A

Variable AV node conduction

66
Q

Patient admitted with hypotension. BP is 72/46, HR is 120, PCWP is 6mmHg, Mixed venous oxygen concentration is 16vol%. What is the most likely cause?

A

Septic shock. Elevated CO, low SVR r atrial pressure and PCWP, and a frequently normal Vo2.

67
Q

What is the diagnosis of a 60 YOF who comes with symmetrical thickening of the ventricular walls, liver and kidney function delcine?

A

Amyloidosis

Step 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions