Endocrine

Question 1

What is the primary function of insulin in diabetes management?

Answer 1

To lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Question 2

True or False: Metformin is an insulin secretagogue.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What class of diabetes medications cause weight gain?

Answer 3

Sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, insulin.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The main risk associated with sulfonylureas is __________.

Answer 4

hypoglycemia.

Question 5

Which diabetes drug classes are known for promoting weight loss?

Answer 5

SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists.

Question 6

True or False: DPP-4 inhibitors can cause significant weight gain.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What hormone do adrenal drugs primarily regulate?

Answer 7

Cortisol.

Question 8

What is the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates in osteoporosis treatment?

Answer 8

They inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.

Question 9

Which osteoporosis medication needs to be taken for the rest of their life?

Answer 9

Denosumab.

Question 10

True or False: Calcium supplements are sufficient for treating osteoporosis on their own.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What is a common side effects of corticosteroid therapy?

Answer 11

Osteoporosis, cushing syndrome, weight gain, water and sodium retention, infection, hypokalemia.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The primary indication for using glucocorticoids is __________.

Answer 12

inflammation and immune suppression.

Question 13

Which diabetes medication class is associated with a risk of bladder cancer?

Answer 13

SGLT2 inhibitors.

Question 14

What is the role of glucagon in diabetes?

Answer 14

To raise blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown.

Question 15

True or False: Osteoporosis is characterized by increased bone density.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Which combinations should you avoid for diabetes medication?

Answer 16

DPP4 inhibitors with sulfonylureas, GLP 1 agonists or insulin.

Question 17

What is the primary risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

Answer 17

Age, particularly postmenopausal women.

Question 18

Which diabetes medication is known for having a low risk of hypoglycemia?

Answer 18

Metformin.

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones in diabetes management?

Answer 19

They improve insulin sensitivity.

Question 20

True or False: Osteoporosis can be diagnosed with a bone density test.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The first line treatment of osteoporosis is __________.

Answer 21

bisphosphonates.

Question 22

What is the common side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors?

Answer 22

Genital yeast infections and UTIs.

Question 23

Which adrenal drug is commonly used to treat Addison’s disease?

Answer 23

Hydrocortisone.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition characterized by excessive cortisol production.

Answer 24

Cushing’s syndrome.

Question 25

What is the main benefit of using DPP-4 inhibitors?

Answer 25

They lower blood glucose levels without causing weight gain.

Question 26

True or False: Osteoporosis drugs should only be used in older adults.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What lifestyle changes can help manage diabetes?

Answer 27

Diet modification, regular exercise, and weight management.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: __________ or _______ are used for type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular and renal disease.

Answer 28

SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 agonists.

Question 29

True or False: Insulin can be administered orally.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

What are the two primary types of diabetes?

Answer 30

Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Question 31

Which form of insulin can be given intravenously?

Answer 31

Regular insulin.

Question 32

What is insulin treatment comprised of?

Answer 32

Basal (mandatory long acting) and bolus insulin (meals).