Cardiovascular Flashcards
What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
True or False: Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with asthma.
True.
Fill in the blank: Calcium channel blockers primarily cause ____ in the mouth.
ginigival hyperplasia
What class of drugs is commonly used as first-line therapy for hypertension?
ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEIs and ARBs).
Which medication is a direct vasodilator used to treat hypertension?
Hydralazine.
What is the primary side effect to watch for with statins and the symptoms?
Rahbdomyolysis:
Unexplained muscle and dark coloured urine.
Give examples of anticoagulants and their main counselling points:
Factor Xa inhibitors: Apixaban, Rivaroxaban
Direct thrombin inhibitors: Dabigatran
Heparins: Heparin, enoxaparin
Warfarin
Watch for unexplained bruising, dark coloured urine, use an identifying wristband.
Name one common side effect of loop diuretics.
Hypokalemia.
Which drug class is known to cause a persistent dry cough as a side effect?
ACE inhibitors.
What is the role of nitrates in cardiovascular therapy?
Nitrates are used to relieve angina by dilating blood vessels.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a beta-blocker? A) Metoprolol B) Atenolol C) Amlodipine D) Propranolol
C) Amlodipine.
Fill in the blank: The therapeutic effect of digoxin is primarily related to its ability to increase _____.
contractility.
What is the main risk associated with the use of thrombolytics?
Bleeding.
True or False: Statins can also have anti-inflammatory effects.
True.
What is the wash out period between ACE I and ARBs?
36 hours for entresto or 24 hours otherwise.
What is the mechanism of action of aspirin in cardiovascular disease?
Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers? A) Bradycardia B) Hypertension C) Hypokalemia D) Hyperglycemia
A) Bradycardia.
Fill in the blank: The antidote for warfarin is _____.
vitamin K.
What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Protamine sulfate.
True or False: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication.
True.
Name one contraindication for the use of beta-blockers.
Severe bradycardia.
What is the primary purpose of using diuretics in heart failure management?
To reduce fluid overload.
Multiple Choice: Which medication is used to treat hyperlipidemia? A) Lisinopril B) Simvastatin C) Metoprolol D) Losartan
B) Simvastatin.
Fill in the blank: The primary action of fibrates is to lower _____ levels.
triglyceride.
