Endocrine Flashcards
Hormones of the pituitary gland
- HGH
- TYRIOD STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)
- ADRENOCORTICTROPIC HORMONE ACTH
- LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
- FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE(FSH)
- PROLACTIN
- ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)
- OXYTOCIN
Hormones of the thyroid
- THYROXINE
- IODINE
- CALCITONIN
- PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)
Adrenal hormones
- EPI and NOREPINEPHRINE
- ALDOSTERONE
- ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE
PANCREAS HORMONES
- GLUCAGON
- INSULIN
- SOMATOSTATIN
GONAD HORMONES
- TESTOSTERONE (male)
- ESTROGEN (females)
- PROGESTERONE (females)
HGH function
Regulates metabolic processes related to growth and adaptation to physical and emotional stressors
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) function
Increases production and secretion
of thyroid hormone
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) function
Stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete cortisol and adrenal proteins that contribute to the maintenance of the adrenal gland
Luteinizing
hormone (LH) function
In women: ovulation, progesterone
production
In men: regulates sperm and testosterone production
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) function
In women: egg development, estrogen production
In men: sperm production
Prolactin function
Milk production
Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) function
regulate the concentration of water in your body. When you need to retain more water ADH tells your kidneys to reabsorb more water back into your bloodstream. This helps maintain the right balance of water and salts in your bloodstream.
Oxytocin
Contracts the uterus during childbirth and stimulates milk production
Functions of thyroxine
• Regulates metabolism
• Influences growth and development
• Helps maintain body temperature
Function of iodine
• Essential for thyroid hormone synthesis
• Regulates metabolism
• Supports proper growth and development
Calcitonin function
- Maintains normal calcium levels in the blood
- Is secreted when thyroid detects high levels of calcium
- Stimulates the bone-building cells to absorb the excess calcium, and kidneys to absorb and excrete calcium
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) function
- Acts as an antagonist to calcitonin
- Secreted when calcium blood levels are low
- Causes bone-dissolving cells to break down bone and release calcium
Cortisol
Increases metabolic rate, using fat and protein for energy
Aldosterone function
Reabsorbs sodium and water from the urine, and excretes excess potassium
Epinephrine/norepinephrine function
- Norepinephrine: raises blood pressure by vasoconstriction
- Epinephrine stimulates SNS
- Stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose for use as energy
- Both hormones increase oxygen and glucose in the blood and faster circulation of the blood to the brain, heart and muscles
Glucagon function
Glucagon
Produced by alpha cells
Secreted when the body’s blood glucose level falls
Raises the glucose level
Stimulates the liver to change glycogen into sugar
Insulin function
- From beta cells
- Enables cells to uptake glucose and allows for the storage of glycogen (for later use), fats, and proteins
- Responsible for the removal of glucose from the blood for storage
- Secreted when blood glucose levels are elevated
- Only hormone that decreases the blood glucose levels
Somatostatin function
Produced in the Delta cells of the Pancreas, the nervous System and GI tract
Inhibits the release of other hormones including both insulin and glucagon
Testosterone function
Main sex hormone in males
Responsible for secondary sex characteristics: voice deepening, growth of facial hair, muscle development, pubic hair, growth spurts
