endocrine

Question 1

What is hypoparathyroidism, the signs, s/s, and causes of it?

Answer 1

decreased calcium and PTH
2 SIGNS
Trousseau: carpool spasm
Chvostek: facial spasm
Cause: trauma, damage, removal of gland, genetics
s/s: muscle spasms, 2 signs, tetany (muscle tightness/tension)

Question 2

What is hyperparathyroidism, s/s, and causes of it?

Answer 2

increase in calcium and PTH
Benign tumor
Cause: adenoma (benign tumor of epitheal tissue), radiation to head/neck, long-term lithotherapy = thyroid dysfunction
s/s: muscle weakness, increased renal stones, bone demineralization, skeletal pain

Question 3

What is POSTERIOR hypopituitarism and the causes and s/s?

Answer 3

decreased ADH (vasopressin = Diabetes insipidus)
Cause: head trauma, tumor, toxins, pituitary surgery
s/s: fluid retention(peeing), polyuria, polydipsia, decreased BP, confusion, disorientation

Question 4

What is POSTERIOR hyperpituitarism and the causes and s/s?

Answer 4

increased ADH (SIADH)
Cause: brain injury/surgery, stroke, meningitis, cancer
s/s: oliguria, fluid overload, altered gait, seizure, coma, dysphagia

Question 5

What is hypothyroidism?

Answer 5

decreased iodine intake, everything slows down
Chronic Hashimoto
s/s: myxedema, cold intolerance, anemia, yellowish skin, altered level of consciousness, memory loss, gain weight, poor attention, vital changes (low BP, HR,RR)

Question 6

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 6

Graves (autoimmune)
increased iodine, everything speeds up, insomnia, heat intolerance, increased BP/HR, diarrhea, exophthalmos (bulging of eyes)

Question 7

What is hypoadrenalism?

Answer 7

Addisons
low glucortisol, cortisol, fluid overload, low BS, weight loss, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, feeling faint when standing up, dehydration

Question 8

What is hyperadrenalism?

Answer 8

Cushings (autoimmune)
adrenal insufficiency
women have facial hair
men get bigger chest