Endocrine Flashcards
CRH, TRH, GHRH, GnRH, somatostatin,
dopamine are released by the ________
hypothalamus
endocrine vs exocrine
Primary function of thyroid gland & PTH
calcium regulation
“polyphagia”
increased hunger
most common cause of kidney failure
diabetes
diagnostic criteria for DM - measures BS over time
A1C > 6.5
measured on 2 different days
how does stress affect blood sugar
cortisol increases blood sugar level
What kind of insulin is:
Administered in conjunction with intermediate- or long-acting insulin to provide glycemic control between meals and at night. May also be administered immediately before meals.
Rapid-acting insulin (lispro, aspart, glulisine)
Insulin lispro, insulin aspart, insulin glulisine, inhaled human insulin
rapid-acting
Onset of rapid-acting insulin
5-30 mins (depending on type)
Administer 15 to 30 min before meals to control postprandial hyperglycemia.
Short-acting insulin (regular insulin)
U-500 is a concentration of short-acting/regular insulin that is reserved for the client who has insulin resistance. How is it administered?
SubQ and NEVER IV
U-100 is a concentration of short-acting / regular insulin that is prescribed for most clients. How is it administered?
SubQ or IV
What kind of insulin is:
-Administered SubQ 30-60 mins before meals and at night - BUT is not used to control postprandial rise in glucose
-The only insulin that can be mixed with short-acting
Intermediate-acting insulin (NPH)
How do you administer glargine and detemir?
SubQ. Never IV.
What kind of insulin is glargine and detemir
Long-acting. Lasts 12-24 hours
The following are signs of what condition?
Sweating, weakness, dizziness, confusion, headache, tachycardia, slurred speech, blurred vision
Hypoglycemia
Which insulins can be mixed?
NPH can be mixed with rapid or regular.
Long-acting (glargine, detemir) cannot be mixed!
How to mix insuln
Air into cloudy
Air into clear
Draw up clear
Draw up cloudy
(NPH is cloudy, regular/rapid are clear. You don’t want the intermediate-acting one to contaminate the vial with the rapid-acting, even a little bit of it will delay the onset of the rapid insulin.)
