Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BDS 2 Diseases of Human Systems > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine disease

A

dysfunction of hormone secreting glands. negative feedback
control failure - secondary
gland failure - primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

multiple endocrine neoplasia

A

rare disorders, tumour develop, affect collection of glands not just one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MEN1

A

parathyroud, pituitary, pancreatic islets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MEN2a

A

parathyroid, medullary thyroid, phaeochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MEN2b

A

dental concern
medullary thyroud, phaeochromocytoma
mucosal nueromas [swelling on nerves in tissue]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where it pituitary gland located

A

small depression in middle of skull, sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pituitary gland functions

A

gland controlling, releases hormones
directly act on tissues to cause effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what hormnes does the anterior pituitary release

A

TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone
GH - growth hormone
LH, FSH, prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete

A

ADH - antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

functional adenoma pituitary tumour

A

active homone, unrestricted
, still secrete hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

non functional adenoma pituitary tumour

A

space occupying, no secreting ability, lack of other hormones, visual field defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

consequences of pituitary tumour

A

expands upwards causing mass effect on optic chiasma
optic nerve fibres cross each other, compression from tumour, narrowed visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pituitary tumour surgery

A

trans-sphenoidal
through sphenoid bone, up nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

growth hormone

A

from pituitary, necessary for growth in chlildren
GH releasing H occurs at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

excess GH

A

continued growth of tissues
child - giantism
adult - acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

insufficient GH

A

growth failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acromegaly

A

excess GH as adult
MEN1, onset 30-50
coarse features, broad nose, enlarged hands, CV disease as heart less efficient, thicken lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

acromegaly dental aspects

A

enlarged tongue, interdental spacing, shrunk dentures, reverse overbite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

investigations for GH

A

IGF-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thyroid disease 2 types

A

hyperthyroidsim, hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what hormone is released by thyroid

A

TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone
tells thyroid how much thyroid hormone is needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

excess TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hyperthyroidism aetiology

A

Graves disease - common, autoimmune, thinks TSH already bonded, excess TSH, organ specific
toxic multi-nodular goitre - toxic adenoma tumour, thyroid hormones unregulated, too much
pituitary tumour - rare, excess TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

signs + symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

sign = warm moist skin, tachycardia, increased BP, tachycardia, heart failure, increased metabolic rate
sympt - hot, excess sweating, weight loss, diarrhoea, palpitations

25
graves disease
hyperthyroidism organ specific, familyh of autoimmune thinks already bonded, unregulated excess release symptoms - swelling of thyroid gland, propotosis [eyeballs pushed farward], swelling around eyes
26
hypothyroidism
deficiency in TSH
27
hypothyroidism aetiology
primary - gland problem, autoimmune Hashimotos, idiopathic atrophy, drugs, iodine deficiency, congenital secondary - hypothalamic/pituitary disease
28
hashimotos thyroiditis
autoimmune issue, 90% of hypothyroidism women, goitre, familyH of AI disease, Down's syndrome, addisons
29
idiopathic atrophy
10x in females, primary hypothyroidism normal thyroid tissue replaced with fat tissue autoimmune cause, lymphocyte
30
investigations for thyroid disease
blood - TSH, T4, T4 imaging - ultrasound, changes in gland, radioisotope tissue - biopsy
31
hyperthyroid graves or adenoma findings
low TSH, raised T3 common
32
hyperthyroid pituitary cause findings
raised TSH + T3 rare
33
hypothyroid gland failure hashimotos findings
high TSH, low T4
34
hypothyroid pituitary cause findings
low TSH + T4
35
treatment for hyperthyroidism
carbizamole [block T4], beta blockers [reduce side effects], partial thyroidectomy optich chiamsa - not much to be done
36
treatment for hypothyroidism
thyroid/hormone replacement therapy give T4 tablets, use TSH as a guide
37
thyroid cancer
thyroid swelling, TSH senstitive, good prognosis in young
38
dental aspects of thyroid disease
goitre detectible = feel neck hyperthyroid - pain, anxiety, psychiatric problems, caution until controlled hypothyroid avoid sedatives if severe, new drugs not metabolised well treated px are normal - no extra considerations
39
adrenal gland
sits on the kidneys, divided into outer cortex and inner medulla secrete hormones
40
adrenal gland areas
zona glomerulosa - aldosterone [renin, angiotensin] cona fasicularis - cortisol [hypothalamus, pituitary] zona reticularis - adrenal androngens
41
adrenal regulation
controlled by hypothalamus and pituitary hormones to regulate metabolism, immue system, BP, stress
42
adrenla hormones
aldosterone, cortisol, progesterone, corticosterone
43
aldosterone
MOA - salt and water regulation, retains fluid inhibited by ACE inhibtors [cough, angiooedema], AT2 blockers ABSENCE will cause px to have change in salt/water balance
44
cortisol
MOA - psychological steroid, stress hormone, promotes gluconeogenesis lowers immune reactivty, raised BP, inhibits bone synthesis
45
therapeutic steroids
hydrocortisone, prednisolone, betamethasone [oral disease, mucosa inflammation]
46
effects of therapeutic steroids
immunosuppression, reduced inflammatory response, enahnces salt/walter retention, hypertension, type2DM, osteoporosis, increased infection risk, thinning of skin, easy bruising, peptic ulceration, cataracts, increased cancer risk
47
adrenal hyperfunction
excess glucocorticoids + aldosterone causes - cushings, adrenal tumour [p], pituitary tumour [s] aldosterone - conns syndrome, adrenal tumour
48
adrenal hypofunction
addisons - primary pituitary failure [s], compression from another adenoma, Sheehans syndrome gland failure - autoimmune gland destructions
49
cushings disease
adrenal hyperfunction, too much cortisol aetiology - long term glucocorticoids use, pituitary/adrenal tumours
50
cushing disease symptoms
weight gain, round face, purple stretch marks of abdomen, diabetes features dental - oral fungal infection, reduced immune response, can't resist infection
51
high ACTH effects
adrenocorticotropic hormone, regulates cortisol causes pigmenatation of cells - joints, mucosa, brown patchy investigations - cortisol excretion test diagnosis - pituitary adenoma [high ACTH, high cortisol], gland adenoma [low ACTH, high cortisol]
52
addisons disease
adrenal hypofunction, too little cortisol excess ACTH, pigmentation aetiology - autoimmune attack response, DM, thyroid, TB
53
addisons disease symptoms
weakness, anorexia, loss of body hair hypotension, salt/water depletion, weight loss, lethargy, hyperpigmentation
54
addisons investigations + diagnosis
investigations - high ACTH level, synaCTH test diagnosis - pituitary failure [low ACTH, lowcort, positivr synacten gland destruction [high ACTH, lowcort, negative synacthen
55
adrenal hyperfunction treatment
detect cause - adenoma surgery - pituitary, adrenal
56
addisonian crisis
autoimmune destruction of adrenal gland hypotension, vomiting, coma basence of mineralcorticoid and glucocorticoid effects takes time to develop
57
addisons management
hormone replacement - cortisol, flurdrocortisone
58
steroid prophylaxis
px aware of situations where needed increased when - infection [abscess], surgery, psychological stress if not enough, addisonian crisis, steroids needed to stop this
59
dental aspects of steroids
precautions may be needed, liase for infections/illness with physician candidiasis in cushings, can cause thrush oral pigmentation in addisons, cushings

BDS 2 Diseases of Human Systems (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions