Endo/Repro - Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What term refers to an inability to retract the foreskin?

Answer 1

Phimosis

Question 2

What term refers to an inability to replace the foreskin over the prepuce?

Answer 2

Paraphimosis

Question 3

What is the typical cause of phimosis?

Answer 3

Multiple infections

(may also be congenital)

Question 4

What term refers to an infection of the glans and prepuce?

What about just the glans?

Answer 4

Balanoposthitis;

balanitis

Question 5

__________ is the thick, white, cheesy substance that can collect under the foreskin of the penis. It is associated with the development of balanoposthitis.

Answer 5

Smegma is the thick, white, cheesy substance that can collect under the foreskin of the penis. It is associated with the development of balanoposthitis.

Question 6

What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men?

Answer 6

Chlamydia spp.;

Neisseria gonorrheae

Question 7

What are the most common causes of epididymitis in older men?

Answer 7

E. coli;

Pseudomonas spp.

Question 8

What term refers to an inability to undetected testes?

Answer 8

Cryptorchidism

Question 9

How is cryptoorchidism treated?

Answer 9

Surgical orchiopexy

(does not guarentee fertility or reduction in risk of testicular malignancy)

Question 10

What disorder (possibly of autoimmune origin) presents in middle-aged men as a painless testicular mass that mimmicks a testicular tumor but is instead full of granulomatous tissue?

Answer 10

Granulomatous orchitis

Question 11

True/False

Mumps orchitis is fairly common in infected children.

Answer 11

False

Mumps orchitis is fairly common in infected adults.

(Note: parotid involvement usually preceeds the orchitis by ~1 week.)

Question 12

What infectious etiology is associated with necrotizing granulomatous orchitis (and prostatitis and epididymitis)?

Answer 12

Tuberculous orchitis

Question 13

What is the typical factor that greatly increases the risk of spermatic cord torsion?

Answer 13

A failure of the testes to attach to inner lining of the scrotum

Question 14

In cases of testicular torsion, the cremasteric reflex is _________ (pronounced/absent).

Answer 14

In cases of testicular torsion, the cremasteric reflex is absent.

Question 15

What term refers to the benign, warty growths that are sometimes found on the penis in individuals infected with HPV strains 6 and/or 11?

Answer 15

Condyloma acuminatum

Question 16

Name two risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

Answer 16

HPV infection;

lack of circumcision

Question 17

Erythroplasia of Queyrat is an in-situ carcinoma that presents as an erythematous lesion on what portion(s) of the male genitalia?

Answer 17

Glans penis and prepuce

Question 18

Bowen disease is an in-situ carcinoma that presents as a scaly white or erythematous lesion on what portion(s) of the male genitalia?

Answer 18

Penile shaft

Question 19

Bowenoid papulosis is an in-situ carcinoma that presents as multiple soft, reddish papules on what portion(s) of the male genitalia?

Answer 19

Penile shaft

Question 20

Erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen disease, and Bowenoid papulosis are all examples of what disease process of the penis?

Answer 20

In-situ carcinoma

Question 21

Match each of the following in-situ carcinomas with their description:

(Erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen disease, Bowenoid papulosis)

_________________ - Multiple soft, reddish lesions on the penile shaft; seen in younger males

_________________ - Erythematous lesion on the glans penis and/or prepuce

_________________ - Scaly white or erythematous lesion on the penile shaft

Answer 21

Match each of the following in-situ carcinomas with their description:

Bowenoid papulosis - Multiple soft, reddish lesions on the penile shaft; seen in younger males

Erythroplasia of Queyrat - Erythematous lesion on the glans penis and/or prepuce

Bowen disease - Scaly white or erythematous lesion on the penile shaft

Question 22

Identify which of the following does not typically carry a ~10% risk of progression to invasive carcinoma:

Erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen disease, Bowenoid papulosis

Answer 22

Bowenoid papulosis

Question 23

What is the most common testicular tumor?

Answer 23

A seminoma

Question 24

Which testicular tumor is aggressive and characterized by areas of necrosis and hemorrhage?

Answer 24

Embryonal carcinoma

Question 25

What is the most common testicular tumor in children < 3 years old?

Answer 25

Yolk sac tumor

(endodermal sinus tumor)

Question 26

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with seminomas?

Answer 26

Beta-HCG;

large, polyhedral cells with faintly pink cytoplasm

Question 27

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with embryonal carcinomas?

Answer 27

AFP, beta-HCG

Question 28

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with yolk sac tumors?

Answer 28

AFP;

Schiller-Duval bodies

Question 29

Which testicular neoplasia is associated with hyperthyroidism and/or gynecomastia?

Why?

Answer 29

Choriocarcinoma;

highly elevated beta-HCG

Question 30

An incidental finding in a patient’s testicular histology reveals some scar tissue with calcification, hematoxylin bodies, siderophages, lymphocytes, and xanthoma cells.

What is the likely etiology?

Answer 30

A regressed germ cell tumor

Question 31

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with sertoli cell tumors?

Answer 31

Androgens or estrogens

(usually clinically silent!)

Question 32

What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with Leydig cell tumors?

Answer 32

Testosterone;

Reinke crystals