Endo/Repro - Male Reproductive System Flashcards
What term refers to an inability to retract the foreskin?
Phimosis
What term refers to an inability to replace the foreskin over the prepuce?
Paraphimosis
What is the typical cause of phimosis?
Multiple infections
(may also be congenital)
What term refers to an infection of the glans and prepuce?
What about just the glans?
Balanoposthitis;
balanitis
__________ is the thick, white, cheesy substance that can collect under the foreskin of the penis. It is associated with the development of balanoposthitis.
Smegma is the thick, white, cheesy substance that can collect under the foreskin of the penis. It is associated with the development of balanoposthitis.
What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men?
Chlamydia spp.;
Neisseria gonorrheae
What are the most common causes of epididymitis in older men?
E. coli;
Pseudomonas spp.
What term refers to an inability to undetected testes?
Cryptorchidism
How is cryptoorchidism treated?
Surgical orchiopexy
(does not guarentee fertility or reduction in risk of testicular malignancy)
What disorder (possibly of autoimmune origin) presents in middle-aged men as a painless testicular mass that mimmicks a testicular tumor but is instead full of granulomatous tissue?
Granulomatous orchitis
True/False
Mumps orchitis is fairly common in infected children.
False
Mumps orchitis is fairly common in infected adults.
(Note: parotid involvement usually preceeds the orchitis by ~1 week.)
What infectious etiology is associated with necrotizing granulomatous orchitis (and prostatitis and epididymitis)?
Tuberculous orchitis
What is the typical factor that greatly increases the risk of spermatic cord torsion?
A failure of the testes to attach to inner lining of the scrotum
In cases of testicular torsion, the cremasteric reflex is _________ (pronounced/absent).
In cases of testicular torsion, the cremasteric reflex is absent.
What term refers to the benign, warty growths that are sometimes found on the penis in individuals infected with HPV strains 6 and/or 11?
Condyloma acuminatum
Name two risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.
HPV infection;
lack of circumcision
Erythroplasia of Queyrat is an in-situ carcinoma that presents as an erythematous lesion on what portion(s) of the male genitalia?
Glans penis and prepuce
Bowen disease is an in-situ carcinoma that presents as a scaly white or erythematous lesion on what portion(s) of the male genitalia?
Penile shaft
Bowenoid papulosis is an in-situ carcinoma that presents as multiple soft, reddish papules on what portion(s) of the male genitalia?
Penile shaft
Erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen disease, and Bowenoid papulosis are all examples of what disease process of the penis?
In-situ carcinoma
Match each of the following in-situ carcinomas with their description:
(Erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen disease, Bowenoid papulosis)
_________________ - Multiple soft, reddish lesions on the penile shaft; seen in younger males
_________________ - Erythematous lesion on the glans penis and/or prepuce
_________________ - Scaly white or erythematous lesion on the penile shaft
Match each of the following in-situ carcinomas with their description:
Bowenoid papulosis - Multiple soft, reddish lesions on the penile shaft; seen in younger males
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - Erythematous lesion on the glans penis and/or prepuce
Bowen disease - Scaly white or erythematous lesion on the penile shaft
Identify which of the following does not typically carry a ~10% risk of progression to invasive carcinoma:
Erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen disease, Bowenoid papulosis
Bowenoid papulosis
What is the most common testicular tumor?
A seminoma
Which testicular tumor is aggressive and characterized by areas of necrosis and hemorrhage?
Embryonal carcinoma
What is the most common testicular tumor in children < 3 years old?
Yolk sac tumor
(endodermal sinus tumor)
What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with seminomas?
Beta-HCG;
large, polyhedral cells with faintly pink cytoplasm
What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with embryonal carcinomas?
AFP, beta-HCG
What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with yolk sac tumors?
AFP;
Schiller-Duval bodies
Which testicular neoplasia is associated with hyperthyroidism and/or gynecomastia?
Why?
Choriocarcinoma;
highly elevated beta-HCG
An incidental finding in a patient’s testicular histology reveals some scar tissue with calcification, hematoxylin bodies, siderophages, lymphocytes, and xanthoma cells.
What is the likely etiology?
A regressed germ cell tumor
What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with sertoli cell tumors?
Androgens or estrogens
(usually clinically silent!)
What serum markers and/or histopathologies are associated with Leydig cell tumors?
Testosterone;
Reinke crystals
