Endo/Repro - Endocrine Miscellaneous Flashcards
What size distinction is used to classify micro- vs. macroadenomas of the pituitary?
10 mm
How are micro-prolactinomas treated?
Bromocriptine and/or cabergoline
What two serum levels are most useful in diagnosing acromegaly?
GH; IGF-1
What effect will glucose intake have on GH levels?
Suppression
What is the ideal initial treatment of acromegaly?
Transsphenoidal resection
What treatment is needed immediately in patients with panhypopituitarism?
Hydrocortisone
How are pituitary macroadenomas typically treated?
Transsphenoidal partial-resection
(+ possible radiation)
True/False.
In cases of adenohypophyseal tumors, neurohypophyseal function is typically preserved.
True.
What is best way to screen for hyperaldosteronism?
What is the confirmatory test?
The aldosterone:renin ratio;
catopril challenge (there should be a ≥ 30% decrease)
An aldosterone:renin level of ___:___ indicates hyperaldosteronism.
An aldosterone:renin level of ___:___ indicates a likely Conn syndrome.
An aldosterone:renin level of ≥ 20 indicates hyperaldosteronism.
An aldosterone:renin level of ≥ 80 indicates a likely Conn syndrome.
An aldosterone:renin level of > 4:1 indicates _____lateral hyperaldosteronism.
An aldosterone:renin level of < 3:1 indicates _____lateral hyperaldosteronism.
An aldosterone:renin level of > 4:1 indicates unilateral hyperaldosteronism.
An aldosterone:renin level of < 3:1 indicates bilateral hyperaldosteronism.
How is primary hyperaldosteronism treated?
Unilateral adrenalectomy
(potentially + spironolactone)
What DEXA score is associated with osteopenia?
What DEXA score is associated with osteoporosis?
< 1
< 2.5
Bow legs, craniotabes (soft skull), and bead-like costochondral junctions describe what disorder of what age group?
Rickets;
children
A definitive diagnosis of rickets can be made by what?
Biopsy
Osteoporosis is mostly a disorder of bone _________, while osteomalacia is mostly a disorder of bone _________.
Osteoporosis is mostly a disorder of bone density, while osteomalacia is mostly a disorder of bone quality.
What disorder is characterized by “mosaic” bone architecture with pain, warmth, and neurologic symptoms.
Paget’s disease
(osteitis deformans)
If a patient has an elevated serum calcium, this issue might be due to which of the following:
primary, secondary, or tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Primary or tertiary
(calcium is low in secondary)
Acute hypocalcemia is treated with ________ ________.
Chronic hypocalcemia is treated with ________ ________.
Acute hypocalcemia is treated with calcium gluconate.
Chronic hypocalcemia is treated with calcium carbonate (+ vitamin D, and thiazides).
Sestamibi is a special marker taken up and held by the mitochondria of which organs?
Parathyroids
(and some in the thyroid, but held longer in the parathyroids)
On a graph illustrating serum PTH levels on the Y-axis and serum Ca2+ on the X-axis, identify where (1) primary hyperparathyroidism and (2) hypoparathyroidism would be on the graph.
On a graph illustrating serum PTH levels on the Y-axis and serum Ca2+ on the X-axis, identify where (1) kidney failure and (2) gastric bypass would be on the graph.
On a graph illustrating serum PTH levels on the Y-axis and serum Ca2+ on the X-axis, identify where (1) vitamin D deficiency and (2) hypercalcemia of malignancy would be on the graph.
