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Board Review - C - Endocrine > Endo IV > Flashcards

Endo IV Flashcards

1
Q

graves disease

A

MCC hyperthyroid

antoAbs - IgG - stimulate TSH receptor

diffuse goiter, retroorbital fibroblasts (exophthalmos)

dermal fibroblasts - pretibial myxedema

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2
Q

toxic multinodular goiter

A

patch hyperfunctioning follicular cells
-work independent of TSH - mutation in receptor

hot nodule - rarely malignant

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3
Q

thyroid storm

A

stress induced catecholamine surge

agitation, delirium, diarrhea, coma, tachyarrhythmia

tx - beta block, PTU, corticosteroids

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4
Q

jod basedow phenomenon

A

thyrotoxicosis if pt with iodine deficiency goiter is made iodine replete

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5
Q

thyroidectomy compliactions

A

hoarse - recurrent laryngeal n

hyperCa - PTH damage

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6
Q

papillary carcinoma of thyroid

A

MC - excellent prognosis

orphan annie nuclei
psammoma bodies
nuclear grooves
lymph invasion

increased with RET and BRAF or child radiation

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7
Q

psammoma bodies

A

papillary carcinoma of thyroid
papillary carcinoma of ovary
mesothelioma
meningioma

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8
Q

lymphoma

A

with hashimoto thyroiditis

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9
Q

anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid

A

undifferentiated
invasive
poor prognosis
older pts

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10
Q

follicular carcinoma of thyroid

A

good prognosis

uniform follicles

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11
Q

medullary carcinoma of thyroid

A

from parafollicular C cells
-produce calcitonin

sheets cells in of amyloid stroma

heme spread common

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12
Q

association of medullary carcinoma of thyroid

A

MEN 2A and 2B - RET mutations

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13
Q

chvostek sign

A

tap face - twitch

with hypoCa

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14
Q

troussea sign

A

occlude brachial artery
-get twitch

hypoCa

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15
Q

pseudohypoparathyroidism

A

albright hereditary osteodystrophy
-unresponse kidney to PTH

hypoCa

short 4/5 digits and short stature

auto dom

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16
Q

familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

A

defective Ca sensing - parathyroid cells
-PTH cannot be suppressed

mild hyperCa with normal PTH levels

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17
Q

secondary hyperPTH

A

D deficiency
renal railure

low Ca and high PTH

18
Q

PTH independent hyperCa

A

high Ca

low PTH

19
Q

primary hyperPTH

A

parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia - MC

hyperCa, hypercalciuria (stones), hypoP, increased PTH

stones, bones, groans, psych overtones

stones - hypercalciuria
bone - cystic bone space - brown tumor
groans - weak and constipation
psych overtones - depresion

20
Q

osteoitis fibrosa cystica

A

cystic bone space with brown fibrous tissue
-brown tumor

deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage

with primary hyperPTH

21
Q

secondary hyperPTH

A

decreased Ca absorption or increased P

chronic renal disease - low vit D

hypoCa and hyperP in renal failure

22
Q

renal osteodystrophy

A

bone lesions
-with secondary or tertiary hyperPTH

due in turn to renal failure

23
Q

tertiary hyperPTH

A

refractory hyperPTH
-chronic renal disease

increased PTH and Ca

24
Q

acromegally

A

MCC - pituitary adenoma

increased serum IGF-1 - diagnosis

also - fail to suppress serum GH with oral glucose tolerance

pituitary mass on MRI

25
Q

tx of acromegaly

A

resection

tx - octreotide - somatostatin analog
-or pegvisomant - GH receptor antagonist

26
Q

pegvisomant

A

GH receptor antagonist

27
Q

central DI

A

low ADH
high serum osmolarity
hyperosmotic volume contraction

water deprivation test - greater than 50% increase in urine osmolarity with desmopressin

28
Q

nephrogenic DI

A

normal ADH
high serum osmolality
hyperosmotic volume contraction

water deprivation test - no response to desmopressin

29
Q

causes of SIADH

A

ectopic ADH - small cel lunng
CNS disorder - head trauma
pulmonary disease
drug - cyclophosphamide

30
Q

conivaptan

A

vasopressin antagonist

31
Q

craniopharyngioma

A

unsecreting pituitary adenoma

32
Q

sheehan syndrome

A

ischemic infarct of pituitary

after postpartum bleeding - hypotension

33
Q

empty sella syndrome

A

atrophy/compression of pituitary

obese women

34
Q

pituitary apoplexy

A

hemorrhage of pituitary gland - existing pituitary adenoma

35
Q

tx hypopituitarism

A

hormone replacement therapy

-corticosteroids, T4, sex steroids, GH

36
Q

DKA

A

DM I

37
Q

hyperosmolar coma

A

DM II

38
Q

diabetes complications

A

non-enzymatic glycosylation
-small vessel disease

kimmelstein wilson nodules - nodular glomerulosclerosis

39
Q

kimmelstein wilson nodules

A

non-enzymatic glycosylation - nodular glomerulosclerosis of kidney in diabetes (hyperglycemia)

40
Q

sorbitol and diabetes

A
  • from hyperglycemia
  • accumulate in organs with aldose reductase and low sorbitol DH

osmotic damage - cataract and neuropathy

Board Review - C - Endocrine (5 decks)

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