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Board Review - C - Endocrine > Endo II > Flashcards

Endo II Flashcards

1
Q

ADH

A

synthesized supraoptic nuclei

-released posterior pituitary

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2
Q

V2 receptor

A

for ADH - regulate serum osmolarity

mutation - nephrogenic DI

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3
Q

V1 receptor

A

for ADH - regulate blood pressure

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4
Q

nephrogenic DI

A

mutation V2 receptor

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5
Q

central DI

A

ADH level decreased

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6
Q

cholesterol desmolase

A

stimulated by ACTH
-convert cholesterol to pregnenolone

pregnenolone - start substrate for adrenal steroids

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7
Q

ketoconazole

A

inhibit cholesterol desmolase

less cholesterol to pregnenolole

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8
Q

17a hydroxylase deficiency

A

excess aldosterone

  • low cortisol
  • low sex hormones

increase BP and hypoK - aldosterone effect

decreased androstenedione

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9
Q

boy with 17a hydroxylase deficiency

A

ambiguous genitalia
undescended testicles

HTN, hypoK

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10
Q

girl with 17a hydroxylase deficiency

A

lack secondary sex development

HTN, hypoK

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11
Q

21 hydroxylase deficiency

A

low aldosterone

  • low cortisol
  • hgh sex hormone

decreased BP and hyperK - lack of aldosterone

labs - increased renin and increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone

MC

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12
Q

girl with 21 hydroxylase deficiency

A

virilization and precocious puberty

low BP and hyper K - low aldosterone

low cortisol

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13
Q

11-B hydroxylase deficiency

A

low aldosterone - but elevated 11-deoxycorticosterone (weak mineralocorticoid)

decreased cortisol
increased sex hormone

HTN and hypoK

decreased renin activity

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14
Q

girl with 11-B hydroxylase deficiency

A

virilization

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15
Q

aromatase

A

convert testosterone > estrogen

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16
Q

5-a reductase

A

convert testosterone > DHT

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17
Q

reactivation of TB and candida

A

exogenous corticosteroids

block IL-2 production

18
Q

cortisol activity

A 
upregulate a1 receptors - HTN
increased insulin resistance
gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis
striae - decreased fibroblasts
decreased inflammation
decreased bone formation
19
Q

plasma Ca

A

majority ionized

bound to albumin and anions also

20
Q

increased pH

A

more affinity of albumin - more negative charge
-to bind Ca

get hypoCa - cramp, pain, paresthesia

21
Q

cholecalciferol

A

Vit D

D3 from sun exposure
D2 ingested from plants

22
Q

function of vit D

A

increased absorption of diet Ca and P

increased bone resorption - Ca and P increase

23
Q

24,25 D

A
  • inactive storage vit D
24
Q

kidney and vit D

A

1-a hydroxylase - convert 25 to 1,25 (active)

negative feedback of 1,25 on its production

25
Q

PTH

A

increased Ca reabsorption
decreased P reabsorption

in kidney

26
Q

1,25 Vit D

A

increased absorption Ca and P

in gut

27
Q

PTH

A

from chief cells of PTH

28
Q

PTH in kidney

A

more Ca reabsorption - DCT

less P reabsorption - PCT

29
Q

1-a hydroxylase

A

convert 25 D > 1,25 D

stimulated by PTH
-synthesized PCT

30
Q

PTH on bone

A

production of m-CSF and RANKL

RANK-L - secreted by osteoblasts - binds RANK on osteoclasts
-stimulate osteoclast activity

31
Q

sort of low Mg

A

stimulate PTH release

32
Q

very low Mg

A

inhibit PTH release

33
Q

calcitonin

A

from parafollicular C cells of thyroid

decrease bone resorption of Ca

34
Q

hormones act through cAMP

A 
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
CRH
hCG
ADH - V2
MSHR
PTH
calcitonin
GHRH
glugacon
35
Q

hormones act through cGMP

A

ANP
BNP
NO

36
Q

hormones act through IP3

A 
GnRH
oxytocin
ADH - V1
TRH
histamine - H1
ANG II
gastrin
37
Q

hormone act through intrinsic tyrosine kinase

A 
insulin
IGF-1
FGF
PDGF
EGF

MAP kinase - growth factors

38
Q

hormone act through receptor associated tyrosine kinase

A 
PRL
GH
G-CSF
EPO
thrombopoietin

JAK/STAT - acidophils and cytokines

39
Q

steroid hormones

A

circulate bound to binding globulin

-increase their solubility

40
Q

SHBG

A

sex hormone binding globulin

men - lower free T

women - decreased raises free T - hirsutism
women - increased with OCP, pregnancy - free estrogen levels remain unchanged

Board Review - C - Endocrine (5 decks)

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