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Board Review - C - Endocrine > Endo I > Flashcards

Endo I Flashcards

1
Q

thyroid embryo

A

floor primitive pharynx - descend into neck

connected tongue - thyroglossal duct

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2
Q

anterior midline neck mass moves with swallowing

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

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3
Q

branchial cleft cyst

A

persistent cervical sinus

in lateral neck

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4
Q

foramen cecum

A

remnant thyroglossal duct

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5
Q

ectopic thyroid

A

MC site - tongue

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6
Q

adrenal cortex embryo

A

meoderm

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7
Q

adrenal medulla embryo

A

neural crest

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8
Q

GFR

A

salt, sugar, sex
-sweeter as go deeper

zona glomerulosa - aldosterone
zona fasciculata - cortisol - some sex hormones
zona reticularis - sex hormones

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9
Q

regulator of GFR

A

G - ANG II - RAAS
F - ACTH, CRH
R - ACTH, CRH

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10
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior pituitary

embryo - rathkes pouch
-oral ectoderm

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11
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior pituitary

embryo - neuroectoderm

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12
Q

neurophysins

A

carrier proteins - posterior pituitary

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13
Q

pancreas cell t ypes

A

AGP, BIC, DSI

  • alpha - glucagon - peripheral
  • beta - insulin - central
  • delta - somatostatin - interspersed
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14
Q

acidophil anterior pituitary hormones

A

GH

PRL

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15
Q

basophil anterior pituitary hormones

A

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

FLAT

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16
Q

hormone subunits TSH, LH, FSH, hCG

A

a - common subunit

B - determine hormone specificity

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17
Q

insulin secretion

A

equal amounts of C-peptide

insulinoma - elevated insulin and C-peptide
exogenous insulin - elevated insulin only

18
Q

sulfonylurea

A

increased insulin secretion

-C-peptide also increased

19
Q

insulin receptor

A

tyrosine kinase

20
Q

GLUT4

A

insulin dependent
-increased expression with insulin stimulation

  • insulin receptor - tyrosine kinase
  • RAS,MAP kinase pathway - growth and DNA synthesis
  • PI3 kinase pathway - GLUT 4 to membrane and glycogen, lipid, protein synthesis

adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

21
Q

GLUT2

A

bidirectional

B-islet, liver, kidney, small intestine

22
Q

insulin release

A

glucose - GLUT2 > increased ATP

  • stimulate closure K channels - depolarization
  • voltage gated Ca open
  • Ca into cell - exocytosis insulin granules
23
Q

GLUT1

A

RBC, brain, cornea

24
Q

GLUT3

A

brain

25
Q

GLUT5

A

fructose

-spermatocyte, GI tract

26
Q

brain energy

A

glucose normally

ketone bodies - starvation

27
Q

glucagon release

A

a cells of pancreas
-catabolic - glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis

inhibited by insulin, hyperglycemia, somatostatin

28
Q

dopamine feedback

A

inhibit PRL secretion

29
Q

tesamorelin

A

GHRH analog
-increase HG

tx HIG associated lipodystrophy

30
Q

GnRH feecback

A

PRL inhibit secretion

31
Q

somatostatin

A

inhibit GH and TSH

32
Q

TRH

A

increased TSH and PRL

33
Q

CRH

A

stimulate ACTH, MSH, and B-endorphin release

34
Q

excess PRL

A

inhibit GnRH

35
Q

PRL release

A

inhibited by dopamine

dopamine release stimulated by PRL
-so PRL inhibits own release through PRL

36
Q

antipsychotics

A

dopamine antagonists

-stimulate PRL secretion

37
Q

bromocriptine

A

DA agonist

-inhibit PRL secretion

38
Q

somatotropin

A

GH

stimulate growth - through IGF-1 (somatomedin C)

also - increased insulin release

39
Q

GH release

A

in pulses
-response to GHRH

inhibited by glucose and somatostatin

40
Q

ghrelin

A

stimulate hunger and GH release

increased with sleep loss and prader willi

41
Q

leptin

A

satiety hormone
-from adipose

decreased during starvation

mutation - conbenital obesity

decreased leptin with lack of sleep

42
Q

endocannabinoids

A

stimulate cortical reward center

-desire high fat food

Board Review - C - Endocrine (5 decks)

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