Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS4 EXAM PREP > endo > Flashcards

endo Flashcards

1
Q

features of loss of vitality

A

discolouration
sinus presene
gross caries
large restorations
PA radiolucency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dentine hypersensitivty

A

short sharp pain arising from exposed dentine in response to thermal or osmotic stimulus
thought to occur due to hydrodynamic theory - due to dentinal fluid movement in tubules stimulating pulpal pain receptors (A- delta and C-fibres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

management of dentine hypersensitivity

A

OHI
erosion prevention - straws, not swilling
densensitising tooth pastes (strontium fluroide, potassium nitrate)
Fluoride varnsihes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

indications for RCTx

A

irrversible pulpitis
pulp necrosis
apical periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

contraindications for RCTx

A

unrestorable tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aims of RCTx

A

treat inflamed/infected RCS by controlling infection via eliminating microorganisms and remove pulp system and filling with a material
to prevent Reinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dam purposes

A

prevent contamination
protect airway
impve access and vision
improve safety
improve isolation and moisture control
improve pt comfort
allows use of approp dsinfectants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

access features

A

removal of existing restoration
removal of entire roof of pulp chamber -
removal of all coronal pulp and locate orifices of canals

finish cavity to have unimpeded STRAIGHT LINE access

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

aims of canal shaping

A

removal of pulp debris and microbes

produce ideal shape and space for effective irrigant penetration and reception of root filling material to working length
* continuously tapering funnel shape
* maintain apical formaten in original position
* keep apical foramen as small as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

NiTi hand files

adv
disadv

A

adv - inc flexibility, inc cutting efficacy, so user friendly

disadv - instrument #, expensive,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

benefits of rotary systems

A

predictability
easier to use
less time consuming
less files needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

EWL

A

estimated length at which instrumentation should be limited
obtained by measuring a pre op radiograph to determine distance between radiographic apex and coronal reference point, minus 1mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CWL

A

length at which instrumentation and obturation should be limited to

defined by use of electronic apec locator after inital shaping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

master apical file

A

largest diameter file taken to CWL
represents final size of apical portion of canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

recapitulation and patency filing

A

reintroducing smaller files to WL to re-establish ape and help prevent ledges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

modified double flare technique
adv

3

A

coronal third preparation first
* improves straight line access
* avoid hydrostatic pressure build up in canals
* allows early removal of heavily contaminated contents

negotiation of apical third with smaller file
apical and mid third prep by step back technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

causes of instrument separation

A

torsional stress
flexural stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

RCT issues with hand files

6 common

A

incomplete debridement - inabilility to completely clean canal

ledges - internal transportation of canal. when working short of WL

blockages - caused by dentine debris packing into apical portion of root

apical transportation - transportation of apical foramen occurs as tendency of instruments to straighten inside a curved canal

perforation - when straight line access not complete and care not taken when intrumenting

zipping - over prep of outercurvature of canal and under prep of inner curvature of canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

aims for chemomechanical disinfection

A

disinfect root canal
flush out debris
eliminate microorganisms
dissolve organic debris and remove smear layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

key irrigants and concentrations

A

3% NaOCl
17% EDTA
0.2% CHX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

NaOCl properties

A

dissolves organic material

disadv - unable to remove smear layer, irritant to soft tissues/tissue necrosis, allegry, bleach to fabrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

factors to improve NaOCl function

A

concentration
contact time
volume
mechnical agitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

possible reasons for NaOCl accident

4

A
  • excessive pressure during irrigation - use of forefinger and slow flow rate
  • needle locked in canal - use manual dynamic irrigation
  • larger apical constrictions
  • needle beyond apical constriction - not using rubber stop
  • poor seal - test with CHX prior, give pt PPE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

symptoms of NaOCl accident

A

pain
swelling
bruising
haemorrhage
airway obstruction

25
Q

smear layer

A

formed during preparation
contains organic pulpal material and inorganic dentinal debris

prevents sealer prenetration nad causes bacterial contamination

26
Q

how to remove smear layer

A

EDTA 17%

irrigate and recap throughout instrumentation
then penultimate 3% NaOCl for 10mins per canal (30mls) througholy dry EDTA for 1min, thoroughly dry then 3% NaOCl

27
Q

intracanal medicaments functions

A

destroy MO and prevent reinfection
reduce inflammation and control root resorption

e.g. Ledermix or nsCaOH

28
Q

objective of obtruation

A

provide a 3D hermetic seal to the RCS that will prevent ingress of bacteria and tissue fluids

aims
* fill/seal entire RCS
* eliminate infection
* prevent reinfection
* incarcerate any remaining microbes

29
Q

aims of obturating

4

A
  • fill/seal entire RCS
  • eliminate infection
  • prevent reinfection
  • incarcerate any remaining microbes
30
Q

gutta percha constituents

7

A

GP 20%
Zinc oxide 59-75%
Radiopacifiers – barium salts
Waxes, colouring agents, anti-oxidants, plasticiers

31
Q

properties of obturating materials

GP

A

non irritant
inert
radiopaque
doesn’t discolour tooth
easy removal upon pretreatment
moisture resistant
bacteriostatic

32
Q

functions of sealer

3

A
  • seal space between dentinal wall and GP
  • fill voids and irregularities between GP points, canal walls and seal lateral canals
  • TO MAKE A FLUID TIGHT SEAL
33
Q

common sealers

4

A

resin based
ZOE
calcium hydroxide
calcium silicate (MTA)

34
Q

properties of ideal root canal sealer

A

establish hermetic seal
radiopaque
no setting shrinkage
non staining
bacteriostatic
soluble on retreatment

35
Q

methods for obturations

A

cold lateral compaction
warm lateral compation
vertical compaction
continous wave compaction
carrier based obturation

36
Q

cold lateral compaction

A

check for tug back with master GP point (matches to MAF) at CWL
dry with paper points
apply sealer to GP point (lightly) and place in canal to CWL
try and place finger spreader in canal short of CWL and if room, leave for 20secs and then place corresponding accessory files in same manner
cut GP at ACJ

want no GP in pulp chamber so ensure cut and condense before RMGIC for coronal seal

37
Q

success RCTx

A

asymp
normal PDL radiographically
no loss of function of totoh

38
Q

success with incomplete healing

A

success but scar tissue formation
rather than resoluation of lesion

39
Q

unceratin RCTx outcome

A

radiographic lesion same size or only slightly reduced 4yrs post endo

40
Q

unfavourable outcome

A

symptoms persist after endo
radiographic lesion inc in size or same size or new lesion 4 yrs post endo
continued resorption of root

41
Q

risks in endo tx

A

perforation of RCS
instrument separation
failure of tx - unable to reach working length
pain after tx
NaOCl accident
material extrusion beyoud apex

42
Q

methods to prevent instrument failure

A

correct instrument use
create manual glide path
crown down technique

43
Q

possible reTx options

A

orthograde RCT
periradicular surgery
XLA

44
Q

what is periradicular surgery

A

surgical shortening of root apex (2-3mm)
and retrograde sealing with MTA

45
Q

law of centrality

A

floor of the pulp chamber is always located in the centre of the tooth at the level of the ACJ

46
Q

low of concentricity

A

wall of the pulp chamber are always concentric to the external surface of the tooth at the level of the ACJ

47
Q

law of the ACJ

A

ACJ is the most consistent repeatable landmark for locating the position of the pulp chamber

48
Q

Law of symmetry

2

A

1 - orifices of the canals are equidistant from a line drawn in the mesial-distal direction through the pulp floor
2 - orifices of canals lie on a line perpendicular to a line drawn in a MD direcction across the centre of the floor of the pulp chamber

except maxillary molars

49
Q

law of colour change

A

colour of the pulp chamber floor is always darker than the walls

50
Q

law of orifice location

3

A

1 - orifices are always located at the junction of the walls and the floor
2 - orifices of the root canals are always located at the angles in the floor wall junction
3 - origicies are located at the terminus of the root developmental fusion lines

51
Q

pathogenesis of endo disease

A

?

52
Q

glide path

A

sequential introduction of smaller diameter files WL to prevent fracture of larger diameter insturments

53
Q

modified double flare
technique

A

access identified and straigh line comfirmed (DG16 then 10K to 2/3 EWL)

GG to create coronal flare
* GG4 to 2/3 EWL with light apical pressure and brushing motion
* then GG3 and GG2 to further prep coronal portion more apicaly

after coronal prep, establish CWL with apex locator (10K)

apical prep
* 15K file set to CWL and watch winding motion
* 20K file set to CWL with balanced force motion
* then work up files till get apical gauging (MAF)

stepback (apical taper)
* take file size larger than MAF to 1mm less than CWL
* do this 3x

then irrigation protocol, dry, obturate

irrigation and patentcy throughout with 10K

54
Q

% taper of K files

A

2%

55
Q

hand file motions

A

watch winding - forward and backwards osscilating 30-60

balanced force - 90 one way, 180 other way x3

envelop of motion - brush up sides of canal?

56
Q

protaper hand files

A

access and achieve straigh line

glide path to 2/3 EWL to ensure straight line access then use apex locator to work out CWL

use 10K and 15K to CWL with balanced force technique

then
S1 to CWL (shape coronal 1/3)
S2 to CWL (shape mid 1/3)
F1 to CWL (apical 1/3)
F2 to CWL (apical 1/3)

check is 25K has apical gauging (corresponds to F2)

irrigation and patentcy throughout with 10K

57
Q

reciproc

A

access and straight line (check with glide path 2/3 EWL with 10K)

R25 to 2/3 EWL
pecking motion - 3x light pressure

once reached 2/3 EWL - establish CWL with apex locator and 10K

then R25 to CWL
check tugback with 25K file

irrigation protocol

irrigation and patentcy throughout with 10K

58
Q

reciproc

A

access and straight line (check with glide path 2/3 EWL with 10K)

R25 to 2/3 EWL
pecking motion - 3x light pressure

once reached 2/3 EWL - establish CWL with apex locator and 10K

then R25 to CWL
check tugback with 25K file

irrigation protocol

irrigation and patentcy throughout with 10K

59
Q

size reciproc to use

A

canal narrow or partially/completely invisible = R25

canal medium/wide
* 30K can be inserted passivley to EWL = R50
* 20K can be inserted passively to EWL = R40

BDS4 EXAM PREP (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions