End of year test- MAP Flashcards
What is positive feedback?
Intensifies the stimulus (infrequent events)
What is negative feedback?
Counteract the stimulus (everyday events)
What is the levels of organization?
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, and system level
What is the charge of a cation?
positive
What is the charge of a anion?
negative
What is the most common inorganic compound in the body?
Water
What is a covalent bond?
Sharing electrons
What is a ionic bond?
Transferring electrons (creates + and - charges)
ATP means what?
Molecule used for energy in the body
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules through phospholipid bilayer from H to L concentration
What is Facilitated diffusion?
Movement of molecules through transport protein from H to L concentration
What is osmosis?
Movement of water through the phospholipid bilayer from H to L
What is active transport?
Movement of molecules through transport protein L to H
What does the connective tissue do?
Highly vascular (Direct blood supply)
What do muscular tissues do?
Packed with mitochondria
What do nerve tissues do?
Conduct electrical impulses
What is a ligament?
Connects bone to bone
What is a axial skeleton?
Bones along mid- sagittal plane
What is appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the extremities
What is an osteoblast?
Build bone
What is an osteoclast?
Breaks down bone
What is an osteocyte?
Mature bone cell
What does the prime mover do?
Main muscle movement
What does the synergist do?
Assist prime mover
Muscle group that extends the lower leg
quadriceps
What is actin?
Thin filament (moves)
What is Myosin?
Thick filament (moves actin)
What are the three elements necessary for muscular contraction?
Potassium, sodium, and calcium
What is tetanus?
Lockjaw and prolonged muscle contraction
What does the brain stem do?
Controls breathing and heart rate functions in the body
What is astrocyte?
Blood/ brain barrier
What is oligodendrocyte?
Produces Myelin
What part of the eye controls pupil size?
Iris
What is the inner layer of the eye containing cones and rods?
Retina
Elevated pressure in the eye is what?
Glaucoma
Responsible for directing sound waves to the tympanic membrane
Auricle
What is the fibrous tunic
Outer layer of eye
What is the vascular tunic?
Middle layer of the eye
What is the nervous tunic?
Inner layer of eye
What is the forced exerted on the wall of a blood vessel
Blood pressure
What is a healthy blood pressure reading?
120/80
What triggers an immune response?
Foreign antigen
What is a traveling blood clot
Embolus
What is the weakening of an arterial wall that may result in rupture?
Aneurysm
What is a genetic condition which the blood doesn’t clot?
Hemophilia
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells (Carry oxygen)
What is neutrophil?
White blood cell that attacks foreign antigens
What are lymphocytes?
White blood cell that produces B and T cells
What is normal blood pH?
7.35-7.45
What is the constriction of airways as an allergic response?
Emphysema
What is fluid build up in the lungs?
Pneumonia
What is the membrane surrounding the lungs?
Pleura
What is the primary stimulus for breathing?
CO2
What is external respiration?
Exchange of gases between alveoli and bloodstream
What is internal respiration?
Exchange of gases between bloodstream and body tissues
What is peristalis?
Muscle contraction through entire alimentary canal
What are the folds in the stomach?
Rugae
What are the digestive enzymes in the stomach?
Pepsin and HCL
What is salivary amylase?
Breaks down carbohydrates
What are the steps of urine formation?
Filteration, reabsorption, and secretion
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What is a chemical messenger secreted by glands?
Hormone
What is the master gland?
Pituitary gland
What gland is located on the kidneys?
Adrenal gland
What is acromegaly?
Excess production of growth hormone in adulthood
What is the formation of egg and sperm?
Meiosis
What is the exocrine system?
Product secreted into a duct or onto a body surface
What is the endocrine system?
Product secreted into the bloodstream
