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End of year test- MAP Flashcards

1
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Intensifies the stimulus (infrequent events)

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2
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Counteract the stimulus (everyday events)

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3
Q

What is the levels of organization?

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, and system level

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4
Q

What is the charge of a cation?

A

positive

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5
Q

What is the charge of a anion?

A

negative

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6
Q

What is the most common inorganic compound in the body?

A

Water

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7
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Sharing electrons

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8
Q

What is a ionic bond?

A

Transferring electrons (creates + and - charges)

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9
Q

ATP means what?

A

Molecule used for energy in the body

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10
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules through phospholipid bilayer from H to L concentration

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11
Q

What is Facilitated diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules through transport protein from H to L concentration

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12
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water through the phospholipid bilayer from H to L

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13
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of molecules through transport protein L to H

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14
Q

What does the connective tissue do?

A

Highly vascular (Direct blood supply)

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15
Q

What do muscular tissues do?

A

Packed with mitochondria

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16
Q

What do nerve tissues do?

A

Conduct electrical impulses

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17
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Connects bone to bone

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18
Q

What is a axial skeleton?

A

Bones along mid- sagittal plane

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19
Q

What is appendicular skeleton?

A

Bones of the extremities

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20
Q

What is an osteoblast?

A

Build bone

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21
Q

What is an osteoclast?

A

Breaks down bone

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22
Q

What is an osteocyte?

A

Mature bone cell

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23
Q

What does the prime mover do?

A

Main muscle movement

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24
Q

What does the synergist do?

A

Assist prime mover

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25
Q

Muscle group that extends the lower leg

A

quadriceps

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26
Q

What is actin?

A

Thin filament (moves)

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27
Q

What is Myosin?

A

Thick filament (moves actin)

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28
Q

What are the three elements necessary for muscular contraction?

A

Potassium, sodium, and calcium

29
Q

What is tetanus?

A

Lockjaw and prolonged muscle contraction

30
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Controls breathing and heart rate functions in the body

31
Q

What is astrocyte?

A

Blood/ brain barrier

32
Q

What is oligodendrocyte?

A

Produces Myelin

33
Q

What part of the eye controls pupil size?

A

Iris

34
Q

What is the inner layer of the eye containing cones and rods?

A

Retina

35
Q

Elevated pressure in the eye is what?

A

Glaucoma

36
Q

Responsible for directing sound waves to the tympanic membrane

A

Auricle

37
Q

What is the fibrous tunic

A

Outer layer of eye

38
Q

What is the vascular tunic?

A

Middle layer of the eye

39
Q

What is the nervous tunic?

A

Inner layer of eye

40
Q

What is the forced exerted on the wall of a blood vessel

A

Blood pressure

41
Q

What is a healthy blood pressure reading?

A

120/80

42
Q

What triggers an immune response?

A

Foreign antigen

43
Q

What is a traveling blood clot

A

Embolus

44
Q

What is the weakening of an arterial wall that may result in rupture?

A

Aneurysm

45
Q

What is a genetic condition which the blood doesn’t clot?

A

Hemophilia

46
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

White blood cells

47
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells (Carry oxygen)

48
Q

What is neutrophil?

A

White blood cell that attacks foreign antigens

49
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

White blood cell that produces B and T cells

50
Q

What is normal blood pH?

A

7.35-7.45

51
Q

What is the constriction of airways as an allergic response?

A

Emphysema

52
Q

What is fluid build up in the lungs?

A

Pneumonia

53
Q

What is the membrane surrounding the lungs?

A

Pleura

54
Q

What is the primary stimulus for breathing?

A

CO2

55
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Exchange of gases between alveoli and bloodstream

56
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

Exchange of gases between bloodstream and body tissues

57
Q

What is peristalis?

A

Muscle contraction through entire alimentary canal

58
Q

What are the folds in the stomach?

A

Rugae

59
Q

What are the digestive enzymes in the stomach?

A

Pepsin and HCL

60
Q

What is salivary amylase?

A

Breaks down carbohydrates

61
Q

What are the steps of urine formation?

A

Filteration, reabsorption, and secretion

62
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

63
Q

What is a chemical messenger secreted by glands?

A

Hormone

64
Q

What is the master gland?

A

Pituitary gland

65
Q

What gland is located on the kidneys?

A

Adrenal gland

66
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

Excess production of growth hormone in adulthood

67
Q

What is the formation of egg and sperm?

A

Meiosis

68
Q

What is the exocrine system?

A

Product secreted into a duct or onto a body surface

69
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Product secreted into the bloodstream

Me (10 decks)

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