End Of Year Exams Flashcards
What is the definition of a nutrient?
They are chemicals found in food
What is the function of carbohydrates in our diet?
They give us energy
What is the function of lipids in our diet?
They provide insulation and energy
What is the function of proteins in our diet?
They allow growth and repair damaged muscles
What is the function of vitamins in our diet?
Vitamin c is for healthy skin and gums and vitamin d is for healthy teeth
What is the functions of minerals in our diet?
Iron helps make red blood cells and calcium is needed for healthy skin and bones
What is the function of fibre in our diet?
It can improve cholesterol and blood sugar levels and can assist in preventing some diseases
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet is when we take in the right amount of food and this can vary due to your age, gender and physical activity
How could an unbalanced diet cause health issues?
In the short term it can contribute to stress, tiredness and our capacity to work and in the long term it could lead to being obese, tooth decay and high blood pressure
Explain how different people need different amounts of energy using calculations and data to support my answer
Because the amount of work done = force x distance and this will be the amount of joules that you need which is energy
Why does food need to be digested?
Because we have to break down the food into nutrients so they can all do their separate jobs
How do enzymes affect the rate of digestion?
They speed up the rate of digestion and the breakdown of proteins, carbs and liquids because they are biological catalysts
How do drugs affect people’s health and behaviour?
Different types of drugs do different things like painkiller which blocks nerve impulses and performance enhancer improves muscle development which makes you better at sports and other things
How does alcohol affect people’s health and behaviour?
It slows down nerves and brain activity which can lead to a lack of self-control and the drug inside which is ethanol is the reason for these affects and your behaviour would be different because your reaction speed would have decreased
What is the affect of nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar?
Nicotine is addictive and speeds up heart rate. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that the red blood cells can carry. Tar can cause cancer
How can smoking cause disease?
It can cause cancer because of the tar and it can then spread through cells uncontrollably. Also emphysema which is a long term disease that usually causes shortness of breath due to over- inflation of the alveoli
Define the term element
It is a substance that is made of 1 atom and cannot be broken down
Where are metals and non-metals found on the periodic table?
Metals are on the left and non-metals are on the right
What are the horizontal rows called?
Periods
What are the vertical columns called?
Groups
What is the other name for group 1?
Alkali metals
What is the other name for group 2?
Alkaline earth metals
