End Of Year Exams Flashcards
What is the definition of a nutrient?
They are chemicals found in food
What is the function of carbohydrates in our diet?
They give us energy
What is the function of lipids in our diet?
They provide insulation and energy
What is the function of proteins in our diet?
They allow growth and repair damaged muscles
What is the function of vitamins in our diet?
Vitamin c is for healthy skin and gums and vitamin d is for healthy teeth
What is the functions of minerals in our diet?
Iron helps make red blood cells and calcium is needed for healthy skin and bones
What is the function of fibre in our diet?
It can improve cholesterol and blood sugar levels and can assist in preventing some diseases
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet is when we take in the right amount of food and this can vary due to your age, gender and physical activity
How could an unbalanced diet cause health issues?
In the short term it can contribute to stress, tiredness and our capacity to work and in the long term it could lead to being obese, tooth decay and high blood pressure
Explain how different people need different amounts of energy using calculations and data to support my answer
Because the amount of work done = force x distance and this will be the amount of joules that you need which is energy
Why does food need to be digested?
Because we have to break down the food into nutrients so they can all do their separate jobs
How do enzymes affect the rate of digestion?
They speed up the rate of digestion and the breakdown of proteins, carbs and liquids because they are biological catalysts
How do drugs affect people’s health and behaviour?
Different types of drugs do different things like painkiller which blocks nerve impulses and performance enhancer improves muscle development which makes you better at sports and other things
How does alcohol affect people’s health and behaviour?
It slows down nerves and brain activity which can lead to a lack of self-control and the drug inside which is ethanol is the reason for these affects and your behaviour would be different because your reaction speed would have decreased
What is the affect of nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar?
Nicotine is addictive and speeds up heart rate. Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that the red blood cells can carry. Tar can cause cancer
How can smoking cause disease?
It can cause cancer because of the tar and it can then spread through cells uncontrollably. Also emphysema which is a long term disease that usually causes shortness of breath due to over- inflation of the alveoli
Define the term element
It is a substance that is made of 1 atom and cannot be broken down
Where are metals and non-metals found on the periodic table?
Metals are on the left and non-metals are on the right
What are the horizontal rows called?
Periods
What are the vertical columns called?
Groups
What is the other name for group 1?
Alkali metals
What is the other name for group 2?
Alkaline earth metals
What is the other name for group 7?
Halogens
What is the other name of group 0?
Noble gases
H
Hydrogen
He
Helium
Li
Lithium
Be
Beryllium
B
Boron
C
Carbon
N
Nitrogen
O
Oxygen
F
Fluorine
Ne
Neon
Na
Sodium
Mg
Magnesium
Al
Aluminium
Si
Silicon
P
Phosphorus
S
Sulphur
Cl
Chlorine
Ar
Argon
K
Potassium
Ca
Calcium
What is the pattern of the elements in group 1,7 and 0?
Group 1 has all metals, group 7 has 4 non metals and one metal and group 0 has all non metals
Give an example of displacement
Zinc sulphate + aluminium = aluminium sulphate + zinc
What is the difference between compounds and mixtures?
An element can’t be broken down into other substances and compounds need chemical reactions to separate it
What is solution?
When you mix solute and solvent together
What does solubility mean?
How much solute is dissolved
Why does temperature affect the amount of solute dissolved in a solution?
Because at a higher temperature there is more solute dissolved because the particles vibrate even more
What does evaporation mean?
It’s the process of turning liquid to vapour
What does distillation mean?
It is the method used to separate solvent from a solution
How can chromatography be used in different situations?
It can be used to separate mixtures of soluble substances
What are all the different forms of energy?
Thermal, Light, GPE, Electrical, Sound, Kinetic
What is the unit of energy?
Joules/kilojoules
What is the law of conservation of energy?
It’s the idea that it can be stored or transferred but not created or destroyed and the idea that the total energy has the same value before and after a change is called
Give an example of how energy and temperature are different?
A swimming pool at 30°C is at a lower temperature than a cup of tea at 80°C. But the swimming pool contains more water, so it stores more internal energy than the cup of tea.
