End Of Year Assesment Prep 2024 Flashcards
What orientation are the vibrations in a longitudinal wave in relation to the direction of energy transfer?
Parallel
What orientation are the vibrations in a transverse wave in relation to the direction of energy transfer?
Perpendicular
What is the top of a transverse wave called
Peak
What is the bottom of a transverse wave called
Trough
Give two examples of transverse waves
Water waves and EM waves
What is the name of the area of high density in a longitudinal wave?
Area of compression
What is the name of the area of low density in a longitudinal wave?
Area of rarefaction
What happens to matter when a wave travels through a medium and why?
It stays in the same place as energy is transferred
What is the amplitude of a wave?
The distance from the rest position to the peak or trough of the wave
What is the wavelength and what is it measured in?
The distance between a fixed point on one wave to the same point on the next wave. Measured in metres
What is the frequency and what is it measured in?
The number of waves that pass a given point every second measured in Hertz (Hz)
What is the period of a wave and what is it measured in?
The time taken for a full wave to pass given point measured in seconds
What is the formula to work out the period.
Period = 1/frequency or T=1/f
What is wave speed and what is it measured in?
How quickly energy is transferred through a medium or how quickly the wave travels measured in metres per second (m/s)
What is formula to work out wave speed?
Wave speed = frequency x wavelength
Or
v=f x lambda
What formula would you use to work out the speed of a sound wave travelling through the air?
Speed = distance/time
Order the waves:
Radio waves , infrared , X-rays , visible light , microwaves , ultraviolet and gamma rays
With increasing frequencies
Radio waves , microwaves , infrared , visible light , ultraviolet , X-rays , gamma rays
What happens when a wave enters a medium with a different density and what is this called?
It changes direction and it is called refraction
Is the angle of refraction smaller or larger than the angle of incidence?
Smaller
If the angle of incidence is 60 degrees, what is the angle of emergence?
60 degrees
What happens if a wave enters a new medium at 90 degrees and why?
It will travel in a straight line all the way through as it cannot bend any closer towards the normal
Why does refraction happen?
Because of a change in density causing the wave to move slower or faster
Extra information on specific waves click image below
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V
n/a
What is electromagnetic radiation measured in?
Sieverts or millisieverts (Sv or mSv)
What type of surface emits more infrared radiation in a Leslie cube investigation?
A dark matt surface
What is the type of wave that needs a medium to travel through
A mechanical wave
Give examples of mechanical waves
Sound waves, water waves, waves on springs, ropes and seismic waves made by earthquakes
What happens to the particles when a waves travels through an object
They oscillate and pass on energy
What type of wave is a ripple or a wave in a rope?
Transverse
What type of wave is a sound wave
Longitudinal wave
What stays the same when a wave enters a new medium and what changes
The frequency stays the same but the wave speed and wave length may change
What is absorption?
When the energy of a wave is transferred into the energy stores of the substance they travel into
What is reflection
When a wave bounces off a surface
What is refraction
When a wave changes speed and direction as it crosses a boundary
What is transmission
When waves carry on moving once they’ve crossed the boundary, but may be refracted
What is a transverse wave
A wave that oscillates at 90 degrees (perpendicular) to the direction of energy transfer
What is a longitudinal wave?
A wave that oscillates parallel to the direction of energy transfer
Give an example of a transverse wave
Electromagnetic wave
Give an example of longitudinal waves
A sound wave
What is an area of compression
The area of high concentration of particles in a longitudinal wave.
What is rarefaction
The area of low concentration of particles in a longitudinal wave
What is the amplitude of a wave?
The distance from the undisturbed position of a wave to the peak or trough
What is the wavelength of a wave?
The distance between two equally distanced fixed points on two neighbouring waves
What is the frequency of a wave
The amount of times waves pass a fixed point in a second
What unit is frequency measured in
Hertz (Hz)
What property of a wave always stays the same when it travels from one medium to another
The frequency
What rule do waves follow when the reflect off a surface
Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
What happens when waves are transmitted at a boundary between two substances
They change speed
What happens when waves are absorbed by a substance
The energy of the wave is transferred to the energy stores of the substance
