biology 1.6 mitosis 2.2 osmosis 2.4 active transport

Question 1

what are the first steps of mitosis

Answer 1

1) in a cell that isn’t dividing, the DNA is spread out in long strings in the nucleus.
2) before it divides, it has to grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures, such as ribosomes and mitochondria.
3) It then duplicates the DNA so there is one copy of each chromosome for the new cell. When the DNA is copied, it forms and X-shaped chromosome where each “arm” is a duplicate of the other.

Question 2

during mitosis what happens?

Answer 2

1) the chromosomes line up in the midde of the cell and cell fibres pull them apart.
2) membranes form around each new set of chromosomes, this becomes the wall of the nucleus.
3) the cell membrane and cytoplasm divide.

Question 3

what is the difference between the first cell and then two new daughter cells?

Answer 3

there is no difference, the daughter cells are exact copies.

Question 4

can you see chromosomes in the nucleus when the cell is not dividing or preparing to divide

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what is a partially permeable membrane

Answer 5

a membrane with lots of very small holes.

Question 6

define osmosis

Answer 6

the passive movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

Question 7

what happens when an animal cell gains too much water

Answer 7

it may burst

Question 8

define active transport

Answer 8

the movement of particles against a concentration gradient (from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration) using energy transferred from respiration

Question 10

name the cell that uses active transport and why it uses it

Answer 10

root hair cell, to absorb minerals and water

Question 11

name the three types of transport

Answer 11

diffusion, osmosis and active transport

Question 12

which two forms of transport are passive (do not require energy) and why

Answer 12

diffusion and osmosis, because the movement of particles is following a concentration gradient

Question 13

which form of transport requires energy and why?

Answer 13

active transport because it moves particles against the concentration gradient.

Question 14

is mitosis a series of stages or one process

Answer 14

one process but is often described as a series of stages.