End Game Flashcards
Will KNO3 spontaneously dissolve?
KNO3 -> K + NO3
Yes, there is more entropy found in the 2 mol aqueous side
What is entropy?
The measure of the degree of randomness
-represented by “S”
What 5 factors effect rxn rate?
1) Temp- raise temp faster rxn
2) surface area- more SA faster rxn
3) nature of reactants- what is it
4) concentration- more M faster rxn
5) catalyst- not part of rxn, but speeds it up ( lowers activation energy)
What is specific heat?
Amount of heat energy needed to raise one gram of a substance 1°C
What is the formula for specific heat?
q = mCpΔT
What is chemical equilibrium?
The rate of forward rxn equals the rate of reverse rxn.
M of everything remains unchanged
What is the formula for equilibrium constant?
K= [product]*[product]
[reactant]*[reactant]
What is Le Chatelier’s principle?
If a system, at equilibrium, is subjected to a stress the equilibrium is shifted to the side with minimal stress.
What are the 3 stresses?
1) Pressure (only affects systems with gas and differing amt. of moles)
2) Concentration
3) Temperature
What happens to equilibrium when pressure is increased? (assume gases are present)
Equilibrium shifts to the side with fewer moles
What happens to equilibrium if the concentration of a substance is increased?
It will shift away from the increase
What happens to equilibrium if temperature is increased?
It shifts toward the endoothermic side
What is different about heterogeneous equilibriums?
Don’t include solids or liquids
What is Graham’s law of effusion?
The rates of effusion of gases at the same temp & press are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molar masses.
What is the formula for Graham’s law of effusion?
rate A sqrt{MMb}
——- = ————
rate B sqrt{MMa}
What is oxidation?
Rxn in which an element undergoes an increase in oxidation state (charge)
What is reduction?
Rxn in which an element undergoes a decreases of charge
What is the meaning of
“LEO the lion says GER”
Losing electrons = oxidation
Gaining electrons = reduction
What is heat of fusion?
The heat involved in the transition between solid and liquid
What is heat of vaporization?
The heat involved in the transition between liquid and gas
What is an electrode?
A conductor used to establish electrical contact with nonmetallic parts of a circuit
What are the two types of electrodes?
1) Anodes (LEO)
2) Cathodes (GER)
What are electrochemical cells?
Systems of electrodes & electrolytes in which either a chem rxn produces electricity or electricity produces a chem rxn
What is a buffered solution?
A solution that resists changes in pH
What is a crystalline solid?
- repeating patterns
- “more permanent”
- (not just what we call crystals)
What is an amorphous solid?
- non repeating
- “flows”
How do u do a heat of vaporization/fusion problem?
Mass of substance x heat of vap./fuse
