Basics Flashcards

0
Q

What is matter?

A

Something with mass and volume

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1
Q

What is Chemistry?

A

Study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

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2
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Mass reactants = mass products

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3
Q

Metric?

A

khdudcm

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4
Q

What is a physical change?

A

Change a property without changing identity of substance

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5
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Changes that change the identity of a substance

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6
Q

What’s an extensive physical change?

A

Depends on amount of matter. (Length, width, weight, etc)

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7
Q

What’s an intensive physical property?

A

Does not depend on amount of matter.

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8
Q

What are the four indications of a chemical change?

A

1) change in color
2) change in energy (hotter, colder, giving off light
3) evolving of a gas (bubbles)
4) formation of a precipitate

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9
Q

What’s an exothermic rxn?

A

Heat is leaving system (feels hot)

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10
Q

What is an endothermic rxn?

A

Heat is entering a system (feels cold)

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11
Q

What’s a theory?

A

Explanation of why (backed by experiments)

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12
Q

What’s a law?

A

Statement about what’s observed. (Backed by experiments)

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13
Q

What’s the formula for % error?

A

Vtrue - Vexp
————— * 100
Vtrue

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14
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A combination of things not chemically combined. (Can be separated physically)

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15
Q

What are some ways to separate mixtures?

A

Magnetism
Distillation (boiling point)
Filtration (particle size)
Chromatography (affinity)

16
Q

What’s a heterogeneous mixture?

A

Can see individual particles

17
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

Can’t see individual particles

18
Q

What a direct relation? (Math)

A

One divided by the other gives a constant.
(y = kx)
graphs a straight line

19
Q

What is an inverse relation? (Math)

A

One multiplied by the other gives constant
y = k/x
Curved line

20
Q

What is the law of definite composition?

A

A chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same properties by mass regardless of sample size

21
Q

What is the law of multiple proportions?

A

Ratio of masses of elements in a compound is always a ratio of small whole numbers

22
Q

Who first came up with the idea of an atom?

A

Democritus

23
Q

What are Dalton’s 5 points

A

-All matter is composed of atoms
£All atoms of a given element are identical (size,mass,chem properties). Atoms of a specific element are diff from other elements.
£Atoms can’t be created divided or destroyed
-diff atoms combine in diff whole # ratios to form compounds
-in a chem rxn atoms are separated combined or rearranged

24
Who performed the Cathode Ray Experiment?
J J Thompson
25
What are 3 things learned from the cathode ray experiment?
- all substances contain e- - electrons have mass - electrons have a negative charge
26
Who preformed the golden foil experiment?
Rutherford
27
What are three things learned from the gold foil experiment?
- Nucleus is small (out of total atom) - nucleus has a positive charge - nucleus has high mass
28
Who preformed the oil drop experiment?
Millikan
29
What did the oil drop experiment teach us?
Electron mass Other things in atom
30
What is the approximate mass of an electron?
1/2000 the size of an H atom
31
What is an isotope?
Atom with differing mass due to differing numbers of neutrons
32
What is a mass number?
The sum of the neutrons and protons
33
What is an ion?
A charged species
34
What are the two kinds of ion?
Cation + | Anion -