Encoding specificity principle - retrieval failure

Question 1

What did Tulving 1983 suggest?

Answer 1

if a cue is to help, it must be presented at encoding or retrieval

Question 2

What do cues use?

Answer 2

many mnemonic techniques

Question 3

Who did Golden and Baddeley 1975 carry out research on?

Answer 3

deep sea divers working underwater

Question 4

What was Golden and Baddeleys procedure?(context depending forgetting)

Answer 4

divers learned a list of words either underwater or on land, then asked to recall either on land or underwater

Question 5

Golden and Baddeley condition 1?

Answer 5

learn on land - recall on land

Question 6

Golden and Baddeley condition 2?

Answer 6

learn underwater - recall on land

Question 7

Golden and Baddeley condition 3?

Answer 7

learn on land - recall underwater

Question 8

Golden and Baddeley condition 4?

Answer 8

learn underwater - recall underwater

Question 9

What did Golden and Baddeley find?

Answer 9

40% lower recall in non-matching conditions, resulting in retrieval failure

Question 10

What did Carter and Cassidy 1998 give?(state dependent forgetting)

Answer 10

antihistamines to participants

Question 11

What did participants have to do? (Carter and Cassidy)

Answer 11

learn a list of words and phrases in a different psychological state

Question 12

Condition 1 Carter and Cassidy?

Answer 12

learn off drugs - recall when on drugs

Question 13

Condition 2 Carter and Cassidy?

Answer 13

learn on drugs - recall when off drugs

Question 14

Condition 3 Carter and Cassidy?

Answer 14

learn on drugs - recall when on drugs

Question 15

Condition 4 Carter and Cassidy?

Answer 15

learn off drugs - recall when off drugs

Question 16

What did Carter and Cassidy find?

Answer 16

mismatching produced the worst results, when cues are absent there is more forgetting

Question 17

Agglutination and Waskett 1999?

Answer 17

• based on Jorvik museum

- recreating odours helped participants recall more details of a trip