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Oral Histology > Enamel > Flashcards

Enamel Flashcards

0
Q

Color of enamel?

A

White to grayish white

Translucent

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1
Q

% of mineralization of enamel?

A

96-98%

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2
Q

True or false. After eruption, enamel increases density?

A

True

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3
Q

True or false. After eruption, enamel becomes less permeable?

A

True

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4
Q

Substances that enamel allow to flow through? (2)

A
  • Water
  • Alcohol
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5
Q

Texture of enamel?

A

Smooth and glossy

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6
Q

Specific gravity of enamel?

A

2.8

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7
Q

Chemical formula of hydroxyapatite?

A

CaPO4

Fluorine and chlorine can be substituted for OH groups

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8
Q

Organic content of enamel?

A

Enamel proteins (2-4%)

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9
Q

Enamel proteins are collagenous or non-collagenous?

A

Non-collagenous

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10
Q

Loss of function of amelogenin would cause?

A

Thin enamel without enamel rods

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11
Q

It inhibits lateral growth of hydroxyapatite?

%?

A

Amelogenins; 90%

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12
Q

Hydrophobic proteins rich in proline, histidine and glutamine?

A

Amelogenin

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13
Q

Enamel protein found mostly in newly formed enamel?

A

Ameloblastin

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14
Q

Loss of ameloblastin would cause?

A
  • Terminal branching
  • Detachment of ameloblast from dentin
  • Amelogenesis aborts
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15
Q

Largest but least abundant enamel protein?

A

Enamelin

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16
Q

Fundamental organizational unit of enamel?

A

Enamel rods

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17
Q

Shape of immature enamel rods?

A

Hexagonal

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19
Q

General direction of enamel rods?

A

Perpendicular to DEJ

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19
Q

Direction of enamel rods under pits and fissure?

A

Tentlike

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20
Q

Direction of enamel rods in proximal?

A

Horizontal

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21
Q

Direction of enamel rods in cervical of deciduous teeth?

A

Coronally oblique

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22
Q

Direction of enamel rods cervical of permanent teeth?

A

Apically oblique

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23
Q

Its crystals are oriented in a different direction from enamel rod?

A

Interrod enamel

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24
Q

Accounts for the fish scale appearance?

A

Enamel rod sheath

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25
Q

True or false. Enamel rod sheath contains more inorganic material than enamel rod and interrod enamel?

A

False.

Enamel rod sheath is more organic

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26
Q

True or false. Enamel rod sheath are more acid resistant.

A

True

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27
Q

True or false. Enamel rod sheath covers the entire rod.

A

False

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28
Q

Incremental lines of enamel?

A

Striae of Retzius

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29
Q

Striae of Retzius run from the DEJ in an ________ direction to the occlusal surface.

A

Oblique

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30
Q

Shape of striae of retzius over the dentinal core?

A

Horseshoe shaped

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31
Q

In cross section, striae of retzius appears as?

A

Concentric rings

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32
Q

It marks the birth of individual, characterized by a darker and more obvious line?

A

Neonatal line

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33
Q

Alternating constrictions and expansions of the rods

A

Transverse striations

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34
Q

Marks the daily apposition of enamel

A

Transverse striations

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35
Q

Marks weekly apposition of enamel?

A

Striae of retzius

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36
Q

Optical phenomenon due to the change in direction of enamel rods?

A

Bands of Hunter-Schregger

37
Q

These are enamel rods cut transversely perpendicular to their long axes

A

Diazones

38
Q

Enamel rods that are parallel to their long axes

A

Parazones

39
Q

Dark bands?

A

Diazones

40
Q

Light bands?

A

Parazones

41
Q

These are avenues for the lateral spread of caries at the DEJ?

A

Enamel tufts

42
Q

Hypomineralized enamel from the DEJ?

A

Enamel tufts

43
Q

True or false. Enamel tufts increase as we age.

A

False

44
Q

It occurs developmentally due to the abrupt changes in the direction of group of rods

A

Enamel tufts

45
Q

Cracks on the surface of enamel

A

Enamel lamella

46
Q

Short straight dark structures extending for short distances into enamel?

A

Enamel spindle

47
Q

Formed when the odontoblastic process extend across the DEJ

A

Enamel spindle

48
Q

Causes hypersensitivity along the DEJ

A

Enamel spindle

49
Q

Where can you mostly find enamel spindles?

A

Cusp tips

50
Q

Intertwining of groups of enamel rods following a curving irregular path toward the tooth surface?

A

Gnarled enamel

51
Q

True of false. Gnarled enamel makes enamel stronger.

A

True

52
Q

Scalloped in cross section

A

DEJ

53
Q

Area where you can find bigger scalloping of DEJ?

A

Cervical area

54
Q

Increases the attachment of enamel to dentin?

A

Scalloped DEJ

55
Q

Process of enamel formation

A

Amelogenesis

56
Q

What induces amelogenesis?

A

Deposition of dentin

57
Q

Stages of amelogenesis. (4)

A
  1. Presecretory stage
  2. Secretory phase
  3. Maturation stage
  4. Protective stage
58
Q

Phases of presecretory stage?

A
  1. Morphogenic phase
  2. Differentiation phase
59
Q

Formed during morphogenic phase?

A

Membrana preformativa

60
Q

It determines the form and shape of the crown?

A

Membrana preformativa

61
Q

True or false. Membrana preformativa is removed after deposition of enamel matrix.

A

False

*Before deposition of enamel

62
Q

Part of ameloblast that penetrates into the enamel?

A

Tome’s process

63
Q

What stage: Crystals grow in length and diameter.

A

Maturation stage

64
Q

It allows incorporation of inorganic material to the enamel?

A

Ruffled ended ameloblast

65
Q

Ruffled ended ameloblasts occurs __% of time.

A

80%

66
Q

It permits exit of protein fragment and water from enamel?

A

Smooth ended ameloblasts

67
Q

Smooth ended ameloblasts occurs __% of time.

A

20%

68
Q

It marks the partial mineralization of enamel as the matrix reach a certain thickness?

A

Striae of retzius

Marks the weekly apposition, remember?

69
Q

% of mineralization that occurs in primary calcification?

A

25-30%

70
Q

Deposition of the rest of the enamel content?

A

Secondary calcification

71
Q

True or false. When enamel first forms, it is only partially mineralized.

A

True

72
Q

True or false. As enamel is exposed to the oral cavity, it becomes more mineralized.

A

True

73
Q

What stage: Laying down of primary enamel cuticle

A

Protective stage

74
Q

Another term for primary enamel cuticle.

A

Nasmyth’s membrane

75
Q

What stage: Ameloblasts become low cells and become part of reduced enamel epithelium

A

Protective stage

76
Q

Loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from opposing teeth

A

Attrition

77
Q

Loss of tooth surface by mechanical forces from a foreign element?

A

Abrasion

78
Q

Loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids and not by bacterial origin?

A

Erosion

79
Q

Incremental growth lines that appear on the surface of enamel?

A

Perikymata

80
Q

Why can’t you find perikymata on cusp tips and incisal edges?

A

Because of horseshoe shaped striae of retzius found there

81
Q

Three rounded protuberances present on the cutting edges of incisors when it first erupts?

A

Mamelons

82
Q

True or false. Enamel is impermeable.

A

False. It is partially permeable

83
Q

Part of tooth prone to caries?

A

Pits and fissure

84
Q

Process of dental caries follows the direction of ____?

A

Enamel rods

85
Q

True or false. Overhanging enamel must be removed during cavity preparation.

A

True

86
Q

Application of topical fluoride (eg. Toothpaste)

A

Fluoridization

87
Q

Addition of fluoride in drinking water?

A

Fluoridation

88
Q

Enamel conditioning

A

Acid etching

89
Q

It provides better bonding surface for restorative material?

A

Acid etching

90
Q

True or false. Enamel is more mineralized at the surface than at the area next to dentin?

A

True

Oral Histology (11 decks)

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