EN9

Question 1

what are the endogenous sites of production of angrodgens

Answer 1

interstitial leydig cells of the testes
adrenal cortex
ovaries
placenta
tumours

Question 2

what are the main actions of testosterone

Answer 2

development of the male genital tract
maintains fertility in adulthood ==> mainly due to its function in the production of sperm
control of secondary sexual characteristics
anabolic effect such as muscle and bone

Question 3

what does 5alpha reductase do to testosterone

Answer 3

converts it to DHT and acts via androgen receptor

Question 4

how many % of testosterone is bound

Answer 4

98%

Question 5

what does aromatase do to testosterone

Answer 5

converts to E2 and acts via oestrogen receptor (brain, adipose)

Question 6

what is the feature of turners syndrome

Answer 6

45 XO
short stature
cubitus valgus
gonadal dysgenesis
1;5000 live F births

Question 7

what is the features of kallman’s syndrome

Answer 7

testes originally undesended
stature low-normal
anosmia

Question 8

what does clomiphene do

Answer 8

it is a fertility drug
anti-oestrogenic in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis
binds to oestrogen receptors in the hypothalamus thereby blocking the normal negative feedback, resulting in an increase in the secretion of GnRH ==> increase in LH and FSH

Question 9

what are the treatment for PCOS

Answer 9

Metformin

Clomiphene

Question 10

why does stalk obstruction cause hyperprolactinaemia

Answer 10

dopamine is produced by hypothalamus
when the stalk is obstructed it can not pass through down to pituitary hence won’t be able to inhibit prolactin production from lactotroph