EN1 Flashcards
list 5 types of hormones anterior pituitary secretes
FSH/LH prolactin GH TSH ACTH
differentiate secondary and primary endocrine diseases
primary: endocrine gland problem
secondary: pituitary problem
define panhypopituitarism
decreased production of all anterior pituitary hormones
what is the cause for congenital panhypopituitarism
rare
usually due to mutation of transcription factor genes needed for normal anterior pituitary development
what are the causes for acquired panhypopituitarism
tumours radiation infection traumatic brain injury infiltrative disease hypophysitis pituitary apoplexy peri-partum infarction
what sheehan’s syndrome
specific post-partum hypopituitarism
secondary to hypotension
most common cause is post partum haemorrhage
anterior pituitary enlarges during pregnancy and haemorrhage reduce the blood supply to the tissues==> tissue dies
what are representations of sheehan’s syndrome
lethargy anorexia weight loss anterior pituitary hormone deficiency fail to lactate fail to resume menses post delivery
what is pituitary apoplexy
intra-pituitary haemorrhage/infarction
can be precipitated by anti-
maybe a first presentation of pituitary adenoma
what is diplopia and ptosis (caused by pituitary tumour)
diplopia (double vision) is caused by suppression on trochlear and abducents nerve
ptosis (dropping of the upper eyelid) is caused by suppression on oculomotor nerve
how to diagnose hypopituitarism
basal plasma conc test of hormone
stimulated pituitary function test
radiological diagnosis e.g MRI
what are the causes of short stature
genetic emotional deprivation systemic disease malnutrition malabsorption endocrine disorder skeletal dysplasias
hypothalamus problem
prader willi syndrome
GH recepetor defect
laron dwarfism
lack of GH production
pituitary dwarfism
what is achondroplasia
mutation in fibroblast GH receptor 3 (FGF3)
abnormal in growth plate chondrocyte
average size trunk but short arms and legs
